Processing Uplink Grants Received During Time Durations in a Wireless Device

ABSTRACT

A wireless device receives uplink grants indicating resources of cells. First uplink grants of the uplink grants are processed as a group according to an order. The group is based on the first uplink grants being received during one or more coinciding time durations that the wireless device is configured to monitor at least one control channel for the cells. The processing comprises multiplexing data of one or more logical channels into transport blocks based on the first uplink grants. The transport blocks are transmitted based on the first uplink grants.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/928,913, filed Mar. 22, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/474,944, filed Mar. 22, 2017, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples of several of the various embodiments of the present disclosureare described herein with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A is a diagram of an example user plane protocol stack as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B is a diagram of an example control plane protocol stack as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an example wireless device and two base stationsas per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlink channel mapping and exampledownlink physical signals as per an aspect of an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example frame structure as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are diagrams depicting example sets of OFDMsubcarriers as per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting example OFDM radio resources as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram of configured BWPs as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10A, and FIG. 10B are diagrams of an example multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 11 is a diagram of an example random access procedure as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is a structure of example MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of an example RAN architecture as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a diagram of example RRC states as per an aspect of anembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of an example data scheduling as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 is a diagram of an example data scheduling as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of an example mapping of logical channels totransmission durations as per an aspect of an embodiment of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 18 is a diagram of an example reception of grants as per an aspectof an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 19 is a diagram of an example reception of grants as per an aspectof an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a diagram of an example grouping of grants as per an aspectof an embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of an example sorting of grants as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a diagram of an example sorting of grants as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a diagram of an example sorting of grants as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Example embodiments of the present disclosure enable operation of datamultiplexing. Embodiments of the technology disclosed herein may beemployed in the technical field of multicarrier communication systems.

The following Acronyms are used throughout the present disclosure:

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 5GC 5G Core Network ACKAcknowledgement AMF Access and Mobility Management Function ARQAutomatic Repeat Request AS Access Stratum ASIC Application-SpecificIntegrated Circuit BA Bandwidth Adaptation BCCH Broadcast ControlChannel BCH Broadcast Channel BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BWPBandwidth Part CA Carrier Aggregation CC Component Carrier CCCH CommonControl CHannel CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CN Core Network CPCyclic Prefix CP-OFDM Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplex C-RNTI Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier CS ConfiguredScheduling CSI Channel State Information CSI-RS Channel StateInformation-Reference Signal CQI Channel Quality Indicator CSS CommonSearch Space CU Central Unit DC Dual Connectivity DCCH Dedicated ControlCHannel DCI Downlink Control Information DL Downlink DL-SCH DownlinkShared CHannel DM-RS DeModulation Reference Signal DRB Data Radio BearerDRX Discontinuous Reception DTCH Dedicated Traffic CHannel DUDistributed Unit EPC Evolved Packet Core E-UTRA Evolved UMTS TerrestrialRadio Access E-UTRAN Evolved-Universal Terrestrial Radio Access NetworkFDD Frequency Division Duplex FPGA Field Programmable Gate Arrays F1-CF1-Control plane F1-U F1-User plane gNB next generation Node B HARQHybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest HDL Hardware Description Languages IEInformation Element IP Internet Protocol LCID Logical Channel IDentifierLTE Long Term Evolution MAC Media Access Control MCG Master Cell GroupMCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MeNB Master evolved Node B MIB MasterInformation Block MME Mobility Management Entity MN Master Node NACKNegative Acknowledgement NAS Non-Access Stratum NG CP Next GenerationControl Plane NGC Next Generation Core NG-C NG-Control plane ng-eNB nextgeneration evolved Node B NG-U NG-User plane NR New Radio NR MAC NewRadio MAC NR PDCP New Radio PDCP NR PHY New Radio PHYsical NR RLC NewRadio RLC NR RRC New Radio RRC NSSAI Network Slice Selection AssistanceInformation O&M Operation and Maintenance OFDM Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing PBCH Physical Broadcast CHannel PCC PrimaryComponent Carrier PCCH Paging Control CHannel PCell Primary Cell PCHPaging CHannel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel PDCP Packet DataConvergence Protocol PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel PDU ProtocolData Unit PHICH Physical HARQ Indicator CHannel PHY PHYsical PLMN PublicLand Mobile Network PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator PRACH Physical RandomAccess CHannel PRB Physical Resource Block PSCell Primary Secondary CellPSS Primary Synchronization Signal pTAG primary Timing Advance GroupPT-RS Phase Tracking Reference Signal PUCCH Physical Uplink ControlCHannel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared CHannel QAM Quadrature AmplitudeModulation QFI Quality of Service Indicator QoS Quality of Service QPSKQuadrature Phase Shift Keying RA Random Access RACH Random AccessCHannel RAN Radio Access Network RAT Radio Access Technology RA-RNTIRandom Access-Radio Network Temporary Identifier RB Resource Blocks RBGResource Block Groups RI Rank Indicator RLC Radio Link Control RRC RadioResource Control RS Reference Signal RSRP Reference Signal ReceivedPower SCC Secondary Component Carrier SCell Secondary Cell SCG SecondaryCell Group SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple AccessSDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol SDU Service Data Unit SeNBSecondary evolved Node B SFN System Frame Number S-GW Serving GateWay SISystem Information SIB System Information Block SMF Session ManagementFunction SN Secondary Node SpCell Special Cell SRB Signaling RadioBearer SRS Sounding Reference Signal SS Synchronization Signal SSSSecondary Synchronization Signal sTAG secondary Timing Advance Group TATiming Advance TAG Timing Advance Group TAI Tracking Area Identifier TATTime Alignment Timer TB Transport Block TC-RNTI Temporary Cell-RadioNetwork Temporary Identifier TDD Time Division Duplex TDMA Time DivisionMultiple Access TTI Transmission Time Interval UCI Uplink ControlInformation UE User Equipment UL Uplink UL-SCH Uplink Shared CHannel UPFUser Plane Function UPGW User Plane Gateway VHDL VHSIC HardwareDescription Language Xn-C Xn-Control plane Xn-U Xn-User plane

Example embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented using variousphysical layer modulation and transmission mechanisms. Exampletransmission mechanisms may include, but are not limited to: CodeDivision Multiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess (OFDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Wavelettechnologies, and/or the like. Hybrid transmission mechanisms such asTDMA/CDMA, and OFDM/CDMA may also be employed. Various modulationschemes may be applied for signal transmission in the physical layer.Examples of modulation schemes include, but are not limited to: phase,amplitude, code, a combination of these, and/or the like. An exampleradio transmission method may implement Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) using Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase ShiftKeying (QPSK), 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, and/or the like. Physical radiotransmission may be enhanced by dynamically or semi-dynamically changingthe modulation and coding scheme depending on transmission requirementsand radio conditions.

FIG. 1 is an example Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture as per anaspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated inthis example, a RAN node may be a next generation Node B (gNB) (e.g.120A, 120B) providing New Radio (NR) user plane and control planeprotocol terminations towards a first wireless device (e.g. 110A). In anexample, a RAN node may be a next generation evolved Node B (ng-eNB)(e.g. 124A, 124B), providing Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access(E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards asecond wireless device (e.g. 110B). The first wireless device maycommunicate with a gNB over a Uu interface. The second wireless devicemay communicate with a ng-eNB over a Uu interface. In this disclosure,wireless device 110A and 110B are structurally similar to wirelessdevice 110. Base stations 120A and/or 120B may be structurally similarlyto base station 120. Base station 120 may comprise at least one of a gNB(e.g. 122A and/or 122B), ng-eNB (e.g. 124A and/or 124B), and or thelike.

A gNB or an ng-eNB may host functions such as: radio resource managementand scheduling, IP header compression, encryption and integrityprotection of data, selection of Access and Mobility Management Function(AMF) at User Equipment (UE) attachment, routing of user plane andcontrol plane data, connection setup and release, scheduling andtransmission of paging messages (originated from the AMF), schedulingand transmission of system broadcast information (originated from theAMF or Operation and Maintenance (O&M)), measurement and measurementreporting configuration, transport level packet marking in the uplink,session management, support of network slicing, Quality of Service (QoS)flow management and mapping to data radio bearers, support of UEs inRRC_INACTIVE state, distribution function for Non-Access Stratum (NAS)messages, RAN sharing, and dual connectivity or tight interworkingbetween NR and E-UTRA.

In an example, one or more gNBs and/or one or more ng-eNBs may beinterconnected with each other by means of Xn interface. A gNB or anng-eNB may be connected by means of NG interfaces to 5G Core Network(5GC). In an example, 5GC may comprise one or more AMF/User PlanFunction (UPF) functions (e.g. 130A or 130B). A gNB or an ng-eNB may beconnected to a UPF by means of an NG-User plane (NG-U) interface. TheNG-U interface may provide delivery (e.g. non-guaranteed delivery) ofuser plane Protocol Data Units (PDUs) between a RAN node and the UPF. AgNB or an ng-eNB may be connected to an AMF by means of an NG-Controlplane (NG-C) interface. The NG-C interface may provide functions such asNG interface management, UE context management, UE mobility management,transport of NAS messages, paging, PDU session management, configurationtransfer or warning message transmission.

In an example, a UPF may host functions such as anchor point forintra-/inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility (when applicable),external PDU session point of interconnect to data network, packetrouting and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane part of policyrule enforcement, traffic usage reporting, uplink classifier to supportrouting traffic flows to a data network, branching point to supportmulti-homed PDU session, QoS handling for user plane, e.g. packetfiltering, gating, Uplink (UL)/Downlink (DL) rate enforcement, uplinktraffic verification (e.g. Service Data Flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping),downlink packet buffering and/or downlink data notification triggering.

In an example, an AMF may host functions such as NAS signalingtermination, NAS signaling security, Access Stratum (AS) securitycontrol, inter Core Network (CN) node signaling for mobility between3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access networks, idle modeUE reachability (e.g., control and execution of paging retransmission),registration area management, support of intra-system and inter-systemmobility, access authentication, access authorization including check ofroaming rights, mobility management control (subscription and policies),support of network slicing and/or Session Management Function (SMF)selection.

FIG. 2A is an example user plane protocol stack, where Service DataAdaptation Protocol (SDAP) (e.g. 211 and 221), Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol (PDCP) (e.g. 212 and 222), Radio Link Control (RLC) (e.g. 213and 223) and Media Access Control (MAC) (e.g. 214 and 224) sublayers andPhysical (PHY) (e.g. 215 and 225) layer may be terminated in wirelessdevice (e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on the network side. In an example,a PHY layer provides transport services to higher layers (e.g. MAC, RRC,etc.). In an example, services and functions of a MAC sublayer maycomprise mapping between logical channels and transport channels,multiplexing/demultiplexing of MAC Service Data Units (SDUs) belongingto one or different logical channels into/from Transport Blocks (TBs)delivered to/from the PHY layer, scheduling information reporting, errorcorrection through Hybrid Automatic Repeat request (HARQ) (e.g. one HARQentity per carrier in case of Carrier Aggregation (CA)), priorityhandling between UEs by means of dynamic scheduling, priority handlingbetween logical channels of one UE by means of logical channelprioritization, and/or padding. A MAC entity may support one or multiplenumerologies and/or transmission timings. In an example, mappingrestrictions in a logical channel prioritization may control whichnumerology and/or transmission timing a logical channel may use. In anexample, an RLC sublayer may supports transparent mode (TM),unacknowledged mode (UM) and acknowledged mode (AM) transmission modes.The RLC configuration may be per logical channel with no dependency onnumerologies and/or Transmission Time Interval (TTI) durations. In anexample, Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) may operate on any of thenumerologies and/or TTI durations the logical channel is configuredwith. In an example, services and functions of the PDCP layer for theuser plane may comprise sequence numbering, header compression anddecompression, transfer of user data, reordering and duplicatedetection, PDCP PDU routing (e.g. in case of split bearers),retransmission of PDCP SDUs, ciphering, deciphering and integrityprotection, PDCP SDU discard, PDCP re-establishment and data recoveryfor RLC AM, and/or duplication of PDCP PDUs. In an example, services andfunctions of SDAP may comprise mapping between a QoS flow and a dataradio bearer. In an example, services and functions of SDAP may comprisemapping Quality of Service Indicator (QFI) in DL and UL packets. In anexample, a protocol entity of SDAP may be configured for an individualPDU session.

FIG. 2B is an example control plane protocol stack where PDCP (e.g. 233and 242), RLC (e.g. 234 and 243) and MAC (e.g. 235 and 244) sublayersand PHY (e.g. 236 and 245) layer may be terminated in wireless device(e.g. 110) and gNB (e.g. 120) on a network side and perform service andfunctions described above. In an example, RRC (e.g. 232 and 241) may beterminated in a wireless device and a gNB on a network side. In anexample, services and functions of RRC may comprise broadcast of systeminformation related to AS and NAS, paging initiated by 5GC or RAN,establishment, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between theUE and RAN, security functions including key management, establishment,configuration, maintenance and release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs)and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs), mobility functions, QoS managementfunctions, UE measurement reporting and control of the reporting,detection of and recovery from radio link failure, and/or NAS messagetransfer to/from NAS from/to a UE. In an example, NAS control protocol(e.g. 231 and 251) may be terminated in the wireless device and AMF(e.g. 130) on a network side and may perform functions such asauthentication, mobility management between a UE and a AMF for 3GPPaccess and non-3GPP access, and session management between a UE and aSMF for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access.

In an example, a base station may configure a plurality of logicalchannels for a wireless device. A logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels may correspond to a radio bearer and the radio bearermay be associated with a QoS requirement. In an example, a base stationmay configure a logical channel to be mapped to one or moreTTIs/numerologies in a plurality of TTIs/numerologies. The wirelessdevice may receive a Downlink Control Information (DCI) via PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) indicating an uplink grant. In anexample, the uplink grant may be for a first TTI/numerology and mayindicate uplink resources for transmission of a transport block. Thebase station may configure each logical channel in the plurality oflogical channels with one or more parameters to be used by a logicalchannel prioritization procedure at the MAC layer of the wirelessdevice. The one or more parameters may comprise priority, prioritizedbit rate, etc. A logical channel in the plurality of logical channelsmay correspond to one or more buffers comprising data associated withthe logical channel. The logical channel prioritization procedure mayallocate the uplink resources to one or more first logical channels inthe plurality of logical channels and/or one or more MAC ControlElements (CEs). The one or more first logical channels may be mapped tothe first TTI/numerology. The MAC layer at the wireless device maymultiplex one or more MAC CEs and/or one or more MAC SDUs (e.g., logicalchannel) in a MAC PDU (e.g., transport block). In an example, the MACPDU may comprise a MAC header comprising a plurality of MAC sub-headers.A MAC sub-header in the plurality of MAC sub-headers may correspond to aMAC CE or a MAC SUD (logical channel) in the one or more MAC CEs and/orone or more MAC SDUs. In an example, a MAC CE or a logical channel maybe configured with a Logical Channel IDentifier (LCID). In an example,LCID for a logical channel or a MAC CE may be fixed/pre-configured. Inan example, LCID for a logical channel or MAC CE may be configured forthe wireless device by the base station. The MAC sub-headercorresponding to a MAC CE or a MAC SDU may comprise LCID associated withthe MAC CE or the MAC SDU.

In an example, a base station may activate and/or deactivate and/orimpact one or more processes (e.g., set values of one or more parametersof the one or more processes or start and/or stop one or more timers ofthe one or more processes) at the wireless device by employing one ormore MAC commands. The one or more MAC commands may comprise one or moreMAC control elements. In an example, the one or more processes maycomprise activation and/or deactivation of PDCP packet duplication forone or more radio bearers. The base station may transmit a MAC CEcomprising one or more fields, the values of the fields indicatingactivation and/or deactivation of PDCP duplication for the one or moreradio bearers. In an example, the one or more processes may compriseChannel State Information (CSI) transmission of on one or more cells.The base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicating activationand/or deactivation of the CSI transmission on the one or more cells. Inan example, the one or more processes may comprise activation ordeactivation of one or more secondary cells. In an example, the basestation may transmit a MA CE indicating activation or deactivation ofone or more secondary cells. In an example, the base station maytransmit one or more MAC CEs indicating starting and/or stopping one ormore Discontinuous Reception (DRX) timers at the wireless device. In anexample, the base station may transmit one or more MAC CEs indicatingone or more timing advance values for one or more Timing Advance Groups(TAGs).

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of base stations (base station 1, 120A, andbase station 2, 120B) and a wireless device 110. A wireless device maybe called an UE. A base station may be called a NB, eNB, gNB, and/orng-eNB. In an example, a wireless device and/or a base station may actas a relay node. The base station 1, 120A, may comprise at least onecommunication interface 320A (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, a wiredmodem, and/or the like), at least one processor 321A, and at least oneset of program code instructions 323A stored in non-transitory memory322A and executable by the at least one processor 321A. The base station2, 120B, may comprise at least one communication interface 320B, atleast one processor 321B, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 323B stored in non-transitory memory 322B and executable bythe at least one processor 321B.

A base station may comprise many sectors for example: 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6sectors. A base station may comprise many cells, for example, rangingfrom 1 to 50 cells or more. A cell may be categorized, for example, as aprimary cell or secondary cell. At Radio Resource Control (RRC)connection establishment/re-establishment/handover, one serving cell mayprovide the NAS (non-access stratum) mobility information (e.g. TrackingArea Identifier (TAI)). At RRC connection re-establishment/handover, oneserving cell may provide the security input. This cell may be referredto as the Primary Cell (PCell). In the downlink, a carrier correspondingto the PCell may be a DL Primary Component Carrier (PCC), while in theuplink, a carrier may be an UL PCC. Depending on wireless devicecapabilities, Secondary Cells (SCells) may be configured to formtogether with a PCell a set of serving cells. In a downlink, a carriercorresponding to an SCell may be a downlink secondary component carrier(DL SCC), while in an uplink, a carrier may be an uplink secondarycomponent carrier (UL SCC). An SCell may or may not have an uplinkcarrier.

A cell, comprising a downlink carrier and optionally an uplink carrier,may be assigned a physical cell ID and a cell index. A carrier (downlinkor uplink) may belong to one cell. The cell ID or cell index may alsoidentify the downlink carrier or uplink carrier of the cell (dependingon the context it is used). In the disclosure, a cell ID may be equallyreferred to a carrier ID, and a cell index may be referred to a carrierindex. In an implementation, a physical cell ID or a cell index may beassigned to a cell. A cell ID may be determined using a synchronizationsignal transmitted on a downlink carrier. A cell index may be determinedusing RRC messages. For example, when the disclosure refers to a firstphysical cell ID for a first downlink carrier, the disclosure may meanthe first physical cell ID is for a cell comprising the first downlinkcarrier. The same concept may apply to, for example, carrier activation.When the disclosure indicates that a first carrier is activated, thespecification may equally mean that a cell comprising the first carrieris activated.

A base station may transmit to a wireless device one or more messages(e.g. RRC messages) comprising a plurality of configuration parametersfor one or more cells. One or more cells may comprise at least oneprimary cell and at least one secondary cell. In an example, an RRCmessage may be broadcasted or unicasted to the wireless device. In anexample, configuration parameters may comprise common parameters anddedicated parameters.

Services and/or functions of an RRC sublayer may comprise at least oneof: broadcast of system information related to AS and NAS; paginginitiated by 5GC and/or NG-RAN; establishment, maintenance, and/orrelease of an RRC connection between a wireless device and NG-RAN, whichmay comprise at least one of addition, modification and release ofcarrier aggregation; or addition, modification, and/or release of dualconnectivity in NR or between E-UTRA and NR. Services and/or functionsof an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one of securityfunctions comprising key management; establishment, configuration,maintenance, and/or release of Signaling Radio Bearers (SRBs) and/orData Radio Bearers (DRBs); mobility functions which may comprise atleast one of a handover (e.g. intra NR mobility or inter-RAT mobility)and a context transfer; or a wireless device cell selection andreselection and control of cell selection and reselection. Servicesand/or functions of an RRC sublayer may further comprise at least one ofQoS management functions; a wireless device measurementconfiguration/reporting; detection of and/or recovery from radio linkfailure; or NAS message transfer to/from a core network entity (e.g.AMF, Mobility Management Entity (MME)) from/to the wireless device.

An RRC sublayer may support an RRC_Idle state, an RRC_Inactive stateand/or an RRC_Connected state for a wireless device. In an RRC_Idlestate, a wireless device may perform at least one of: Public Land MobileNetwork (PLMN) selection; receiving broadcasted system information; cellselection/re-selection; monitoring/receiving a paging for mobileterminated data initiated by 5GC; paging for mobile terminated data areamanaged by 5GC; or DRX for CN paging configured via NAS. In anRRC_Inactive state, a wireless device may perform at least one of:receiving broadcasted system information; cell selection/re-selection;monitoring/receiving a RAN/CN paging initiated by NG-RAN/5GC; RAN-basednotification area (RNA) managed by NG-RAN; or DRX for RAN/CN pagingconfigured by NG-RAN/NAS. In an RRC_Idle state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may keep a 5GC-NG-RAN connection (bothC/U-planes) for the wireless device; and/or store a UE AS context forthe wireless device. In an RRC_Connected state of a wireless device, abase station (e.g. NG-RAN) may perform at least one of: establishment of5GC-NG-RAN connection (both C/U-planes) for the wireless device; storinga UE AS context for the wireless device; transmit/receive of unicastdata to/from the wireless device; or network-controlled mobility basedon measurement results received from the wireless device. In anRRC_Connected state of a wireless device, an NG-RAN may know a cell thatthe wireless device belongs to.

System information (SI) may be divided into minimum SI and other SI. Theminimum SI may be periodically broadcast. The minimum SI may comprisebasic information required for initial access and information foracquiring any other SI broadcast periodically or provisioned on-demand,i.e. scheduling information. The other SI may either be broadcast, or beprovisioned in a dedicated manner, either triggered by a network or uponrequest from a wireless device. A minimum SI may be transmitted via twodifferent downlink channels using different messages (e.g.MasterInformationBlock and SystemInformationBlockType1). Another SI maybe transmitted via SystemInformationBlockType2. For a wireless device inan RRC_Connected state, dedicated RRC signaling may be employed for therequest and delivery of the other SI. For the wireless device in theRRC_Idle state and/or the RRC_Inactive state, the request may trigger arandom-access procedure.

A wireless device may report its radio access capability informationwhich may be static. A base station may request what capabilities for awireless device to report based on band information. When allowed by anetwork, a temporary capability restriction request may be sent by thewireless device to signal the limited availability of some capabilities(e.g. due to hardware sharing, interference or overheating) to the basestation. The base station may confirm or reject the request. Thetemporary capability restriction may be transparent to 5GC (e.g., staticcapabilities may be stored in 5GC).

When CA is configured, a wireless device may have an RRC connection witha network. At RRC connection establishment/re-establishment/handoverprocedure, one serving cell may provide NAS mobility information, and atRRC connection re-establishment/handover, one serving cell may provide asecurity input. This cell may be referred to as the PCell. Depending onthe capabilities of the wireless device, SCells may be configured toform together with the PCell a set of serving cells. The configured setof serving cells for the wireless device may comprise one PCell and oneor more SCells.

The reconfiguration, addition and removal of SCells may be performed byRRC. At intra-NR handover, RRC may also add, remove, or reconfigureSCells for usage with the target PCell. When adding a new SCell,dedicated RRC signaling may be employed to send all required systeminformation of the SCell i.e. while in connected mode, wireless devicesmay not need to acquire broadcasted system information directly from theSCells.

The purpose of an RRC connection reconfiguration procedure may be tomodify an RRC connection, (e.g. to establish, modify and/or release RBs,to perform handover, to setup, modify, and/or release measurements, toadd, modify, and/or release SCells and cell groups). As part of the RRCconnection reconfiguration procedure, NAS dedicated information may betransferred from the network to the wireless device. TheRRCConnectionReconfiguration message may be a command to modify an RRCconnection. It may convey information for measurement configuration,mobility control, radio resource configuration (e.g. RBs, MAC mainconfiguration and physical channel configuration) comprising anyassociated dedicated NAS information and security configuration. If thereceived RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToReleaseList, the wireless device may perform an SCell release. Ifthe received RRC Connection Reconfiguration message includes thesCellToAddModList, the wireless device may perform SCell additions ormodification.

An RRC connection establishment (or reestablishment, resume) proceduremay be to establish (or reestablish, resume) an RRC connection. an RRCconnection establishment procedure may comprise SRB1 establishment. TheRRC connection establishment procedure may be used to transfer theinitial NAS dedicated information/message from a wireless device toE-UTRAN. The RRCConnectionReestablishment message may be used tore-establish SRB1.

A measurement report procedure may be to transfer measurement resultsfrom a wireless device to NG-RAN. The wireless device may initiate ameasurement report procedure after successful security activation. Ameasurement report message may be employed to transmit measurementresults.

The wireless device 110 may comprise at least one communicationinterface 310 (e.g. a wireless modem, an antenna, and/or the like), atleast one processor 314, and at least one set of program codeinstructions 316 stored in non-transitory memory 315 and executable bythe at least one processor 314. The wireless device 110 may furthercomprise at least one of at least one speaker/microphone 311, at leastone keypad 312, at least one display/touchpad 313, at least one powersource 317, at least one global positioning system (GPS) chipset 318,and other peripherals 319.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A of thebase station 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B of the base station 2120B may comprise at least one of a general-purpose processor, a digitalsignal processor (DSP), a controller, a microcontroller, an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array(FPGA) and/or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and/ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, and the like. Theprocessor 314 of the wireless device 110, the processor 321A in basestation 1 120A, and/or the processor 321B in base station 2 120B mayperform at least one of signal coding/processing, data processing, powercontrol, input/output processing, and/or any other functionality thatmay enable the wireless device 110, the base station 1 120A and/or thebase station 2 120B to operate in a wireless environment.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may be connected to thespeaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or the display/touchpad 313.The processor 314 may receive user input data from and/or provide useroutput data to the speaker/microphone 311, the keypad 312, and/or thedisplay/touchpad 313. The processor 314 in the wireless device 110 mayreceive power from the power source 317 and/or may be configured todistribute the power to the other components in the wireless device 110.The power source 317 may comprise at least one of one or more dry cellbatteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like. The processor 314 maybe connected to the GPS chipset 318. The GPS chipset 318 may beconfigured to provide geographic location information of the wirelessdevice 110.

The processor 314 of the wireless device 110 may further be connected toother peripherals 319, which may comprise one or more software and/orhardware modules that provide additional features and/orfunctionalities. For example, the peripherals 319 may comprise at leastone of an accelerometer, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera, auniversal serial bus (USB) port, a hands-free headset, a frequencymodulated (FM) radio unit, a media player, an Internet browser, and thelike.

The communication interface 320A of the base station 1, 120A, and/or thecommunication interface 320B of the base station 2, 120B, may beconfigured to communicate with the communication interface 310 of thewireless device 110 via a wireless link 330A and/or a wireless link 330Brespectively. In an example, the communication interface 320A of thebase station 1, 120A, may communicate with the communication interface320B of the base station 2 and other RAN and core network nodes.

The wireless link 330A and/or the wireless link 330B may comprise atleast one of a bi-directional link and/or a directional link. Thecommunication interface 310 of the wireless device 110 may be configuredto communicate with the communication interface 320A of the base station1 120A and/or with the communication interface 320B of the base station2 120B. The base station 1 120A and the wireless device 110 and/or thebase station 2 120B and the wireless device 110 may be configured tosend and receive transport blocks via the wireless link 330A and/or viathe wireless link 330B, respectively. The wireless link 330A and/or thewireless link 330B may employ at least one frequency carrier. Accordingto some of various aspects of embodiments, transceiver(s) may beemployed. A transceiver may be a device that comprises both atransmitter and a receiver. Transceivers may be employed in devices suchas wireless devices, base stations, relay nodes, and/or the like.Example embodiments for radio technology implemented in thecommunication interface 310, 320A, 320B and the wireless link 330A, 330Bare illustrated in FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C, FIG. 4D, FIG. 6, FIG. 7A,FIG. 7B, FIG. 8, and associated text.

In an example, other nodes in a wireless network (e.g. AMF, UPF, SMF,etc.) may comprise one or more communication interfaces, one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions.

A node (e.g. wireless device, base station, AMF, SMF, UPF, servers,switches, antennas, and/or the like) may comprise one or moreprocessors, and memory storing instructions that when executed by theone or more processors causes the node to perform certain processesand/or functions. Example embodiments may enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. Other exampleembodiments may comprise a non-transitory tangible computer readablemedia comprising instructions executable by one or more processors tocause operation of single-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications.Yet other example embodiments may comprise an article of manufacturethat comprises a non-transitory tangible computer readablemachine-accessible medium having instructions encoded thereon forenabling programmable hardware to cause a node to enable operation ofsingle-carrier and/or multi-carrier communications. The node may includeprocessors, memory, interfaces, and/or the like.

An interface may comprise at least one of a hardware interface, afirmware interface, a software interface, and/or a combination thereof.The hardware interface may comprise connectors, wires, electronicdevices such as drivers, amplifiers, and/or the like. The softwareinterface may comprise code stored in a memory device to implementprotocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers, device drivers,combinations thereof, and/or the like. The firmware interface maycomprise a combination of embedded hardware and code stored in and/or incommunication with a memory device to implement connections, electronicdevice operations, protocol(s), protocol layers, communication drivers,device drivers, hardware operations, combinations thereof, and/or thelike.

FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 4C and FIG. 4D are example diagrams for uplinkand downlink signal transmission as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. FIG. 4A shows an example uplink transmitter forat least one physical channel A baseband signal representing a physicaluplink shared channel may perform one or more functions. The one or morefunctions may comprise at least one of: scrambling; modulation ofscrambled bits to generate complex-valued symbols; mapping of thecomplex-valued modulation symbols onto one or several transmissionlayers; transform precoding to generate complex-valued symbols;precoding of the complex-valued symbols; mapping of precodedcomplex-valued symbols to resource elements; generation ofcomplex-valued time-domain Single Carrier-Frequency Division MultipleAccess (SC-FDMA) or CP-OFDM signal for an antenna port; and/or the like.In an example, when transform precoding is enabled, a SC-FDMA signal foruplink transmission may be generated. In an example, when transformprecoding is not enabled, an CP-OFDM signal for uplink transmission maybe generated by FIG. 4A. These functions are illustrated as examples andit is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implemented in variousembodiments.

An example structure for modulation and up-conversion to the carrierfrequency of the complex-valued SC-FDMA or CP-OFDM baseband signal foran antenna port and/or the complex-valued Physical Random Access CHannel(PRACH) baseband signal is shown in FIG. 4B. Filtering may be employedprior to transmission.

An example structure for downlink transmissions is shown in FIG. 4C. Thebaseband signal representing a downlink physical channel may perform oneor more functions. The one or more functions may comprise: scrambling ofcoded bits in a codeword to be transmitted on a physical channel;modulation of scrambled bits to generate complex-valued modulationsymbols; mapping of the complex-valued modulation symbols onto one orseveral transmission layers; precoding of the complex-valued modulationsymbols on a layer for transmission on the antenna ports; mapping ofcomplex-valued modulation symbols for an antenna port to resourceelements; generation of complex-valued time-domain OFDM signal for anantenna port; and/or the like. These functions are illustrated asexamples and it is anticipated that other mechanisms may be implementedin various embodiments.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a first symbol and a second symbol onan antenna port, to a wireless device. The wireless device may infer thechannel (e.g., fading gain, multipath delay, etc.) for conveying thesecond symbol on the antenna port, from the channel for conveying thefirst symbol on the antenna port. In an example, a first antenna portand a second antenna port may be quasi co-located if one or morelarge-scale properties of the channel over which a first symbol on thefirst antenna port is conveyed may be inferred from the channel overwhich a second symbol on a second antenna port is conveyed. The one ormore large-scale properties may comprise at least one of: delay spread;doppler spread; doppler shift; average gain; average delay; and/orspatial Receiving (Rx) parameters.

An example modulation and up-conversion to the carrier frequency of thecomplex-valued OFDM baseband signal for an antenna port is shown in FIG.4D. Filtering may be employed prior to transmission.

FIG. 5A is a diagram of an example uplink channel mapping and exampleuplink physical signals. FIG. 5B is a diagram of an example downlinkchannel mapping and a downlink physical signals. In an example, aphysical layer may provide one or more information transfer services toa MAC and/or one or more higher layers. For example, the physical layermay provide the one or more information transfer services to the MAC viaone or more transport channels. An information transfer service mayindicate how and with what characteristics data are transferred over theradio interface.

In an example embodiment, a radio network may comprise one or moredownlink and/or uplink transport channels. For example, a diagram inFIG. 5A shows example uplink transport channels comprising Uplink-SharedCHannel (UL-SCH) 501 and Random Access CHannel (RACH) 502. A diagram inFIG. 5B shows example downlink transport channels comprisingDownlink-Shared CHannel (DL-SCH) 511, Paging CHannel (PCH) 512, andBroadcast CHannel (BCH) 513. A transport channel may be mapped to one ormore corresponding physical channels. For example, UL-SCH 501 may bemapped to Physical Uplink Shared CHannel (PUSCH) 503. RACH 502 may bemapped to PRACH 505. DL-SCH 511 and PCH 512 may be mapped to PhysicalDownlink Shared CHannel (PDSCH) 514. BCH 513 may be mapped to PhysicalBroadcast CHannel (PBCH) 516.

There may be one or more physical channels without a correspondingtransport channel. The one or more physical channels may be employed forUplink Control Information (UCI) 509 and/or Downlink Control Information(DCI) 517. For example, Physical Uplink Control CHannel (PUCCH) 504 maycarry UCI 509 from a UE to a base station. For example, PhysicalDownlink Control CHannel (PDCCH) 515 may carry DCI 517 from a basestation to a UE. NR may support UCI 509 multiplexing in PUSCH 503 whenUCI 509 and PUSCH 503 transmissions may coincide in a slot at least inpart. The UCI 509 may comprise at least one of CSI, Acknowledgement(ACK)/Negative Acknowledgement (NACK), and/or scheduling request. TheDCI 517 on PDCCH 515 may indicate at least one of following: one or moredownlink assignments and/or one or more uplink scheduling grants

In uplink, a UE may transmit one or more Reference Signals (RSs) to abase station. For example, the one or more RSs may be at least one ofDemodulation-RS (DM-RS) 506, Phase Tracking-RS (PT-RS) 507, and/orSounding RS (SRS) 508. In downlink, a base station may transmit (e.g.,unicast, multicast, and/or broadcast) one or more RSs to a UE. Forexample, the one or more RSs may be at least one of PrimarySynchronization Signal (PSS)/Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) 521,CSI-RS 522, DM-RS 523, and/or PT-RS 524.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more uplink DM-RSs 506 to a basestation for channel estimation, for example, for coherent demodulationof one or more uplink physical channels (e.g., PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH504). For example, a UE may transmit a base station at least one uplinkDM-RS 506 with PUSCH 503 and/or PUCCH 504, wherein the at least oneuplink DM-RS 506 may be spanning a same frequency range as acorresponding physical channel. In an example, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more uplink DM-RS configurations. At leastone DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). One or more additional uplink DM-RS may beconfigured to transmit at one or more symbols of a PUSCH and/or PUCCH. Abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with a maximum numberof front-loaded DM-RS symbols for PUSCH and/or PUCCH. For example, a UEmay schedule a single-symbol DM-RS and/or double symbol DM-RS based on amaximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols, wherein a base station mayconfigure the UE with one or more additional uplink DM-RS for PUSCHand/or PUCCH. A new radio network may support, e.g., at least forCP-OFDM, a common DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RSlocation, DM-RS pattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same ordifferent.

In an example, whether uplink PT-RS 507 is present or not may depend ona RRC configuration. For example, a presence of uplink PT-RS may beUE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or a pattern ofuplink PT-RS 507 in a scheduled resource may be UE-specificallyconfigured by a combination of RRC signaling and/or association with oneor more parameters employed for other purposes (e.g., Modulation andCoding Scheme (MCS)) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, adynamic presence of uplink PT-RS 507 may be associated with one or moreDCI parameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of uplink PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain.When present, a frequency domain density may be associated with at leastone configuration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a sameprecoding for a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports maybe fewer than a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. Forexample, uplink PT-RS 507 may be confined in the scheduledtime/frequency duration for a UE.

In an example, a UE may transmit SRS 508 to a base station for channelstate estimation to support uplink channel dependent scheduling and/orlink adaptation. For example, SRS 508 transmitted by a UE may allow fora base station to estimate an uplink channel state at one or moredifferent frequencies. A base station scheduler may employ an uplinkchannel state to assign one or more resource blocks of good quality foran uplink PUSCH transmission from a UE. A base station maysemi-statistically configure a UE with one or more SRS resource sets.For an SRS resource set, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore SRS resources. An SRS resource set applicability may be configuredby a higher layer (e.g., RRC) parameter. For example, when a higherlayer parameter indicates beam management, a SRS resource in each of oneor more SRS resource sets may be transmitted at a time instant. A UE maytransmit one or more SRS resources in different SRS resource setssimultaneously. A new radio network may support aperiodic, periodicand/or semi-persistent SRS transmissions. A UE may transmit SRSresources based on one or more trigger types, wherein the one or moretrigger types may comprise higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC) and/or oneor more DCI formats (e.g., at least one DCI format may be employed for aUE to select at least one of one or more configured SRS resource sets.An SRS trigger type 0 may refer to an SRS triggered based on a higherlayer signaling. An SRS trigger type 1 may refer to an SRS triggeredbased on one or more DCI formats. In an example, when PUSCH 503 and SRS508 are transmitted in a same slot, a UE may be configured to transmitSRS 508 after a transmission of PUSCH 503 and corresponding uplink DM-RS506.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more SRS configuration parameters indicating at least one offollowing: a SRS resource configuration identifier, a number of SRSports, time domain behavior of SRS resource configuration (e.g., anindication of periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic SRS), slot(mini-slot, and/or subframe) level periodicity and/or offset for aperiodic and/or aperiodic SRS resource, a number of OFDM symbols in aSRS resource, starting OFDM symbol of a SRS resource, a SRS bandwidth, afrequency hopping bandwidth, a cyclic shift, and/or a SRS sequence ID.

In an example, in a time domain, an SS/PBCH block may comprise one ormore OFDM symbols (e.g., 4 OFDM symbols numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 3) within the SS/PBCH block. An SS/PBCH block may comprisePSS/SSS 521 and PBCH 516. In an example, in the frequency domain, anSS/PBCH block may comprise one or more contiguous subcarriers (e.g., 240contiguous subcarriers with the subcarriers numbered in increasing orderfrom 0 to 239) within the SS/PBCH block. For example, a PSS/SSS 521 mayoccupy 1 OFDM symbol and 127 subcarriers. For example, PBCH 516 may spanacross 3 OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers. A UE may assume that one ormore SS/PBCH blocks transmitted with a same block index may be quasico-located, e.g., with respect to Doppler spread, Doppler shift, averagegain, average delay, and spatial Rx parameters. A UE may not assumequasi co-location for other SS/PBCH block transmissions. A periodicityof an SS/PBCH block may be configured by a radio network (e.g., by anRRC signaling) and one or more time locations where the SS/PBCH blockmay be sent may be determined by sub-carrier spacing. In an example, aUE may assume a band-specific sub-carrier spacing for an SS/PBCH blockunless a radio network has configured a UE to assume a differentsub-carrier spacing.

In an example, downlink CSI-RS 522 may be employed for a UE to acquirechannel state information. A radio network may support periodic,aperiodic, and/or semi-persistent transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522.For example, a base station may semi-statistically configure and/orreconfigure a UE with periodic transmission of downlink CSI-RS 522. Aconfigured CSI-RS resources may be activated ad/or deactivated. Forsemi-persistent transmission, an activation and/or deactivation ofCSI-RS resource may be triggered dynamically. In an example, CSI-RSconfiguration may comprise one or more parameters indicating at least anumber of antenna ports. For example, a base station may configure a UEwith 32 ports. A base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more CSI-RS resource sets. One or more CSI-RS resources may beallocated from one or more CSI-RS resource sets to one or more UEs. Forexample, a base station may semi-statistically configure one or moreparameters indicating CSI RS resource mapping, for example, time-domainlocation of one or more CSI-RS resources, a bandwidth of a CSI-RSresource, and/or a periodicity. In an example, a UE may be configured toemploy a same OFDM symbols for downlink CSI-RS 522 and control resourceset (coreset) when the downlink CSI-RS 522 and coreset are spatiallyquasi co-located and resource elements associated with the downlinkCSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured for coreset. In anexample, a UE may be configured to employ a same OFDM symbols fordownlink CSI-RS 522 and SSB/PBCH when the downlink CSI-RS 522 andSSB/PBCH are spatially quasi co-located and resource elements associatedwith the downlink CSI-RS 522 are the outside of PRBs configured forSSB/PBCH.

In an example, a UE may transmit one or more downlink DM-RSs 523 to abase station for channel estimation, for example, for coherentdemodulation of one or more downlink physical channels (e.g., PDSCH514). For example, a radio network may support one or more variableand/or configurable DM-RS patterns for data demodulation. At least onedownlink DM-RS configuration may support a front-loaded DM-RS pattern. Afront-loaded DM-RS may be mapped over one or more OFDM symbols (e.g., 1or 2 adjacent OFDM symbols). A base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a maximum number of front-loaded DM-RS symbols forPDSCH 514. For example, a DM-RS configuration may support one or moreDM-RS ports. For example, for single user-MIMO, a DM-RS configurationmay support at least 8 orthogonal downlink DM-RS ports. For example, formultiuser-MIMO, a DM-RS configuration may support 12 orthogonal downlinkDM-RS ports. A radio network may support, e.g., at least for CP-OFDM, acommon DM-RS structure for DL and UL, wherein a DM-RS location, DM-RSpattern, and/or scrambling sequence may be same or different.

In an example, whether downlink PT-RS 524 is present or not may dependon a RRC configuration. For example, a presence of downlink PT-RS 524may be UE-specifically configured. For example, a presence and/or apattern of downlink PT-RS 524 in a scheduled resource may beUE-specifically configured by a combination of RRC signaling and/orassociation with one or more parameters employed for other purposes(e.g., MCS) which may be indicated by DCI. When configured, a dynamicpresence of downlink PT-RS 524 may be associated with one or more DCIparameters comprising at least MCS. A radio network may supportplurality of PT-RS densities defined in time/frequency domain. Whenpresent, a frequency domain density may be associated with at least oneconfiguration of a scheduled bandwidth. A UE may assume a same precodingfor a DMRS port and a PT-RS port. A number of PT-RS ports may be fewerthan a number of DM-RS ports in a scheduled resource. For example,downlink PT-RS 524 may be confined in the scheduled time/frequencyduration for a UE.

FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example frame structure for a carrieras per an aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. Amulticarrier OFDM communication system may include one or more carriers,for example, ranging from 1 to 32 carriers, in case of carrieraggregation, or ranging from 1 to 64 carriers, in case of dualconnectivity. Different radio frame structures may be supported (e.g.,for FDD and for TDD duplex mechanisms). FIG. 6 shows an example framestructure. Downlink and uplink transmissions may be organized into radioframes 601. In this example, radio frame duration is 10 ms. In thisexample, a 10 ms radio frame 601 may be divided into ten equally sizedsubframes 602 with 1 ms duration. Subframe(s) may comprise one or moreslots (e.g. slots 603 and 605) depending on subcarrier spacing and/or CPlength. For example, a subframe with 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz,240 kHz and 480 kHz subcarrier spacing may comprise one, two, four,eight, sixteen and thirty-two slots, respectively. In FIG. 6, a subframemay be divided into two equally sized slots 603 with 0.5 ms duration.For example, 10 subframes may be available for downlink transmission and10 subframes may be available for uplink transmissions in a 10 msinterval. Uplink and downlink transmissions may be separated in thefrequency domain. Slot(s) may include a plurality of OFDM symbols 604.The number of OFDM symbols 604 in a slot 605 may depend on the cyclicprefix length. For example, a slot may be 14 OFDM symbols for the samesubcarrier spacing of up to 480 kHz with normal CP. A slot may be 12OFDM symbols for the same subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz with extended CP.A slot may contain downlink, uplink, or a downlink part and an uplinkpart and/or alike.

FIG. 7A is a diagram depicting example sets of OFDM subcarriers as peran aspect of an embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example, agNB may communicate with a wireless device with a carrier with anexample channel bandwidth 700. Arrow(s) in the diagram may depict asubcarrier in a multicarrier OFDM system. The OFDM system may usetechnology such as OFDM technology, SC-FDMA technology, and/or the like.In an example, an arrow 701 shows a subcarrier transmitting informationsymbols. In an example, a subcarrier spacing 702, between two contiguoussubcarriers in a carrier, may be any one of 15 KHz, 30 KHz, 60 KHz, 120KHz, 240 KHz etc. In an example, different subcarrier spacing maycorrespond to different transmission numerologies. In an example, atransmission numerology may comprise at least: a numerology index; avalue of subcarrier spacing; a type of cyclic prefix (CP). In anexample, a gNB may transmit to/receive from a UE on a number ofsubcarriers 703 in a carrier. In an example, a bandwidth occupied by anumber of subcarriers 703 (transmission bandwidth) may be smaller thanthe channel bandwidth 700 of a carrier, due to guard band 704 and 705.In an example, a guard band 704 and 705 may be used to reduceinterference to and from one or more neighbor carriers. A number ofsubcarriers (transmission bandwidth) in a carrier may depend on thechannel bandwidth of the carrier and the subcarrier spacing. Forexample, a transmission bandwidth, for a carrier with 20 MHz channelbandwidth and 15 KHz subcarrier spacing, may be in number of 1024subcarriers.

In an example, a gNB and a wireless device may communicate with multipleCCs when configured with CA. In an example, different component carriersmay have different bandwidth and/or subcarrier spacing, if CA issupported. In an example, a gNB may transmit a first type of service toa UE on a first component carrier. The gNB may transmit a second type ofservice to the UE on a second component carrier. Different type ofservices may have different service requirement (e.g., data rate,latency, reliability), which may be suitable for transmission viadifferent component carrier having different subcarrier spacing and/orbandwidth. FIG. 7B shows an example embodiment. A first componentcarrier may comprise a first number of subcarriers 706 with a firstsubcarrier spacing 709. A second component carrier may comprise a secondnumber of subcarriers 707 with a second subcarrier spacing 710. A thirdcomponent carrier may comprise a third number of subcarriers 708 with athird subcarrier spacing 711. Carriers in a multicarrier OFDMcommunication system may be contiguous carriers, non-contiguouscarriers, or a combination of both contiguous and non-contiguouscarriers.

FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting OFDM radio resources as per an aspect ofan embodiment of the present disclosure. In an example, a carrier mayhave a transmission bandwidth 801. In an example, a resource grid may bein a structure of frequency domain 802 and time domain 803. In anexample, a resource grid may comprise a first number of OFDM symbols ina subframe and a second number of resource blocks, starting from acommon resource block indicated by higher-layer signaling (e.g. RRCsignaling), for a transmission numerology and a carrier. In an example,in a resource grid, a resource unit identified by a subcarrier index anda symbol index may be a resource element 805. In an example, a subframemay comprise a first number of OFDM symbols 807 depending on anumerology associated with a carrier. For example, when a subcarrierspacing of a numerology of a carrier is 15 KHz, a subframe may have 14OFDM symbols for a carrier. When a subcarrier spacing of a numerology is30 KHz, a subframe may have 28 OFDM symbols. When a subcarrier spacingof a numerology is 60 Khz, a subframe may have 56 OFDM symbols, etc. Inan example, a second number of resource blocks comprised in a resourcegrid of a carrier may depend on a bandwidth and a numerology of thecarrier.

As shown in FIG. 8, a resource block 806 may comprise 12 subcarriers. Inan example, multiple resource blocks may be grouped into a ResourceBlock Group (RBG) 804. In an example, a size of a RBG may depend on atleast one of: a RRC message indicating a RBG size configuration; a sizeof a carrier bandwidth; or a size of a bandwidth part of a carrier. Inan example, a carrier may comprise multiple bandwidth parts. A firstbandwidth part of a carrier may have different frequency location and/orbandwidth from a second bandwidth part of the carrier.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink or uplink resource block assignment to a wirelessdevice. A base station may transmit to or receive from, a wirelessdevice, data packets (e.g. transport blocks) scheduled and transmittedvia one or more resource blocks and one or more slots according toparameters in a downlink control information and/or RRC message(s). Inan example, a starting symbol relative to a first slot of the one ormore slots may be indicated to the wireless device. In an example, a gNBmay transmit to or receive from, a wireless device, data packetsscheduled on one or more RBGs and one or more slots.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising a downlink assignment to a wireless device via one or morePDCCHs. The downlink assignment may comprise parameters indicating atleast modulation and coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQinformation related to DL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation maycomprise parameters of resource block allocation; and/or slotallocation. In an example, a gNB may dynamically allocate resources to awireless device via a Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI)on one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible allocation when its downlink receptionis enabled. The wireless device may receive one or more downlink datapackage on one or more PDSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, whensuccessfully detecting the one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate Configured Scheduling (CS) resourcesfor down link transmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmitone or more RRC messages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. ThegNB may transmit a DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a ConfiguredScheduling-RNTI (CS-RNTI) activating the CS resources. The DCI maycomprise parameters indicating that the downlink grant is a CS grant.The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to the periodicitydefined by the one or more RRC messages, until deactivated.

In an example, a gNB may transmit a downlink control informationcomprising an uplink grant to a wireless device via one or more PDCCHs.The uplink grant may comprise parameters indicating at least modulationand coding format; resource allocation; and/or HARQ information relatedto UL-SCH. In an example, a resource allocation may comprise parametersof resource block allocation; and/or slot allocation. In an example, agNB may dynamically allocate resources to a wireless device via a C-RNTIon one or more PDCCHs. The wireless device may monitor the one or morePDCCHs in order to find possible resource allocation. The wirelessdevice may transmit one or more uplink data package via one or morePUSCH scheduled by the one or more PDCCHs, when successfully detectingthe one or more PDCCHs.

In an example, a gNB may allocate CS resources for uplink datatransmission to a wireless device. The gNB may transmit one or more RRCmessages indicating a periodicity of the CS grant. The gNB may transmita DCI via a PDCCH addressed to a CS-RNTI activating the CS resources.The DCI may comprise parameters indicating that the uplink grant is a CSgrant. The CS grant may be implicitly reused according to theperiodicity defined by the one or more RRC message, until deactivated.

In an example, a base station may transmit DCI/control signaling viaPDCCH. The DCI may take a format in a plurality of formats. A DCI maycomprise downlink and/or uplink scheduling information (e.g., resourceallocation information, HARQ related parameters, MCS), request for CSI(e.g., aperiodic CQI reports), request for SRS, uplink power controlcommands for one or more cells, one or more timing information (e.g., TBtransmission/reception timing, HARQ feedback timing, etc.), etc. In anexample, a DCI may indicate an uplink grant comprising transmissionparameters for one or more transport blocks. In an example, a DCI mayindicate downlink assignment indicating parameters for receiving one ormore transport blocks. In an example, a DCI may be used by base stationto initiate a contention-free random access at the wireless device. Inan example, the base station may transmit a DCI comprising slot formatindicator (SFI) notifying a slot format. In an example, the base stationmay transmit a DCI comprising preemption indication notifying the PRB(s)and/or OFDM symbol(s) where a UE may assume no transmission is intendedfor the UE. In an example, the base station may transmit a DCI for grouppower control of PUCCH or PUSCH or SRS. In an example, a DCI maycorrespond to an RNTI. In an example, the wireless device may obtain anRNTI in response to completing the initial access (e.g., C-RNTI). In anexample, the base station may configure an RNTI for the wireless (e.g.,CS-RNTI, TPC-CS-RNTI, TPC-PUCCH-RNTI, TPC-PUSCH-RNTI, TPC-SRS-RNTI). Inan example, the wireless device may compute an RNTI (e.g., the wirelessdevice may compute RA-RNTI based on resources used for transmission of apreamble). In an example, an RNTI may have a pre-configured value (e.g.,P-RNTI or SI-RNTI). In an example, a wireless device may monitor a groupcommon search space which may be used by base station for transmittingDCIs that are intended for a group of UEs. In an example, a group commonDCI may correspond to an RNTI which is commonly configured for a groupof UEs. In an example, a wireless device may monitor a UE-specificsearch space. In an example, a UE specific DCI may correspond to an RNTIconfigured for the wireless device.

In an example embodiment, new radio network may support a BandwidthAdaptation (BA). In an example, receive and/or transmit bandwidthsconfigured by an UE employing a BA may not be large. For example, areceive and/or transmit bandwidths may not be as large as a bandwidth ofa cell. Receive and/or transmit bandwidths may be adjustable. Forexample, a UE may change receive and/or transmit bandwidths, e.g., toshrink during period of low activity to save power. For example, a UEmay change a location of receive and/or transmit bandwidths in afrequency domain, e.g. to increase scheduling flexibility. For example,a UE may change a subcarrier spacing, e.g. to allow different services.

In an example embodiment, a subset of a total cell bandwidth of a cellmay be referred to as a Bandwidth Part (BWP). A base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more BWPs to achieve a BA. For example, abase station may indicate, to a UE, which of the one or more(configured) BWPs is an active BWP.

FIG. 9 is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured: BWP1 (1010 and 1050)with a width of 40 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP2 (1020 and1040) with a width of 10 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz; BWP3 1030with a width of 20 MHz and subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz.

In an example, a UE, configured for operation in one or more BWPs of acell, may be configured by one or more higher layers (e.g. RRC layer)for a cell a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs) forreceptions by the UE (DL BWP set) in a DL bandwidth by at least oneparameter DL-BWP and a set of one or more BWPs (e.g., at most four BWPs)for transmissions by a UE (UL BWP set) in an UL bandwidth by at leastone parameter UL-BWP for a cell.

To enable BA on the PCell, a base station may configure a UE with one ormore UL and DL BWP pairs. To enable BA on SCells (e.g., in case of CA),a base station may configure a UE at least with one or more DL BWPs(e.g., there may be none in an UL).

In an example, an initial active DL BWP may be defined by at least oneof a location and number of contiguous PRBs, a subcarrier spacing, or acyclic prefix, for a control resource set for at least one common searchspace. For operation on the PCell, one or more higher layer parametersmay indicate at least one initial UL BWP for a random access procedure.If a UE is configured with a secondary carrier on a primary cell, the UEmay be configured with an initial BWP for random access procedure on asecondary carrier.

In an example, for unpaired spectrum operation, a UE may expect that acenter frequency for a DL BWP may be same as a center frequency for a ULBWP.

For example, for a DL BWP or an UL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPsor one or more UL BWPs, respectively, a base statin maysemi-statistically configure a UE for a cell with one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: a subcarrier spacing; a cyclicprefix; a number of contiguous PRBs; an index in the set of one or moreDL BWPs and/or one or more UL BWPs; a link between a DL BWP and an ULBWP from a set of configured DL BWPs and UL BWPs; a DCI detection to aPDSCH reception timing; a PDSCH reception to a HARQ-ACK transmissiontiming value; a DCI detection to a PUSCH transmission timing value; anoffset of a first PRB of a DL bandwidth or an UL bandwidth,respectively, relative to a first PRB of a bandwidth.

In an example, for a DL BWP in a set of one or more DL BWPs on a PCell,a base station may configure a UE with one or more control resource setsfor at least one type of common search space and/or one UE-specificsearch space. For example, a base station may not configure a UE withouta common search space on a PCell, or on a PSCell, in an active DL BWP.

For an UL BWP in a set of one or more UL BWPs, a base station mayconfigure a UE with one or more resource sets for one or more PUCCHtransmissions.

In an example, if a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field, a BWP indicatorfield value may indicate an active DL BWP, from a configured DL BWP set,for one or more DL receptions. If a DCI comprises a BWP indicator field,a BWP indicator field value may indicate an active UL BWP, from aconfigured UL BWP set, for one or more UL transmissions.

In an example, for a PCell, a base station may semi-statisticallyconfigure a UE with a default DL BWP among configured DL BWPs. If a UEis not provided a default DL BWP, a default BWP may be an initial activeDL BWP.

In an example, a base station may configure a UE with a timer value fora PCell. For example, a UE may start a timer, referred to as BWPinactivity timer, when a UE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP,other than a default DL BWP, for a paired spectrum operation or when aUE detects a DCI indicating an active DL BWP or UL BWP, other than adefault DL BWP or UL BWP, for an unpaired spectrum operation. The UE mayincrement the timer by an interval of a first value (e.g., the firstvalue may be 1 millisecond or 0.5 milliseconds) if the UE does notdetect a DCI during the interval for a paired spectrum operation or foran unpaired spectrum operation. In an example, the timer may expire whenthe timer is equal to the timer value. A UE may switch to the default DLBWP from an active DL BWP when the timer expires.

In an example, a base station may semi-statistically configure a UE withone or more BWPs. A UE may switch an active BWP from a first BWP to asecond BWP in response to receiving a DCI indicating the second BWP asan active BWP and/or in response to an expiry of BWP inactivity timer(for example, the second BWP may be a default BWP). For example, FIG. 9is an example diagram of 3 BWPs configured, BWP1 (1010 and 1050), BWP2(1020 and 1040), and BWP3 (1030). BWP2 (1020 and 1040) may be a defaultBWP. BWP1 (1010) may be an initial active BWP. In an example, a UE mayswitch an active BWP from BWP1 1010 to BWP2 1020 in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer. For example, a UE may switch an activeBWP from BWP2 1020 to BWP3 1030 in response to receiving a DCIindicating BWP3 1030 as an active BWP. Switching an active BWP from BWP31030 to BWP2 1040 and/or from BWP2 1040 to BWP1 1050 may be in responseto receiving a DCI indicating an active BWP and/or in response to anexpiry of BWP inactivity timer.

In an example, if a UE is configured for a secondary cell with a defaultDL BWP among configured DL BWPs and a timer value, UE procedures on asecondary cell may be same as on a primary cell using the timer valuefor the secondary cell and the default DL BWP for the secondary cell.

In an example, if a base station configures a UE with a first active DLBWP and a first active UL BWP on a secondary cell or carrier, a UE mayemploy an indicated DL BWP and an indicated UL BWP on a secondary cellas a respective first active DL BWP and first active UL BWP on asecondary cell or carrier.

FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B show packet flows employing a multi connectivity(e.g. dual connectivity, multi connectivity, tight interworking, and/orthe like). FIG. 10A is an example diagram of a protocol structure of awireless device 110 (e.g. UE) with CA and/or multi connectivity as peran aspect of an embodiment. FIG. 10B is an example diagram of a protocolstructure of multiple base stations with CA and/or multi connectivity asper an aspect of an embodiment. The multiple base stations may comprisea master node, MN 1130 (e.g. a master node, a master base station, amaster gNB, a master eNB, and/or the like) and a secondary node, SN 1150(e.g. a secondary node, a secondary base station, a secondary gNB, asecondary eNB, and/or the like). A master node 1130 and a secondary node1150 may co-work to communicate with a wireless device 110.

When multi connectivity is configured for a wireless device 110, thewireless device 110, which may support multiple reception/transmissionfunctions in an RRC connected state, may be configured to utilize radioresources provided by multiple schedulers of a multiple base stations.Multiple base stations may be inter-connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul (e.g. Xn interface, X2 interface, and/or the like). A basestation involved in multi connectivity for a certain wireless device mayperform at least one of two different roles: a base station may eitheract as a master base station or as a secondary base station. In multiconnectivity, a wireless device may be connected to one master basestation and one or more secondary base stations. In an example, a masterbase station (e.g. the MN 1130) may provide a master cell group (MCG)comprising a primary cell and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110). A secondary base station(e.g. the SN 1150) may provide a secondary cell group (SCG) comprising aprimary secondary cell (PSCell) and/or one or more secondary cells for awireless device (e.g. the wireless device 110).

In multi connectivity, a radio protocol architecture that a beareremploys may depend on how a bearer is setup. In an example, threedifferent type of bearer setup options may be supported: an MCG bearer,an SCG bearer, and/or a split bearer. A wireless device mayreceive/transmit packets of an MCG bearer via one or more cells of theMCG, and/or may receive/transmits packets of an SCG bearer via one ormore cells of an SCG. Multi-connectivity may also be described as havingat least one bearer configured to use radio resources provided by thesecondary base station. Multi-connectivity may or may not beconfigured/implemented in some of the example embodiments.

In an example, a wireless device (e.g. Wireless Device 110) may transmitand/or receive: packets of an MCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1111), an RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC1114), and a MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118); packets of a split bearer viaan SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), a PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1112), one ofa master or secondary RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1115, SN RLC 1116), and oneof a master or secondary MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1118, SN MAC 1119);and/or packets of an SCG bearer via an SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1110), aPDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1113), an RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1117), and aMAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1119).

In an example, a master base station (e.g. MN 1130) and/or a secondarybase station (e.g. SN 1150) may transmit/receive: packets of an MCGbearer via a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP1140), a master or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1121, NR PDCP1142), a master node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1124, MN RLC 1125), and amaster node MAC layer (e.g. MN MAC 1128); packets of an SCG bearer via amaster or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1122, NR PDCP 1143), asecondary node RLC layer (e.g. SN RLC 1146, SN RLC 1147), and asecondary node MAC layer (e.g. SN MAC 1148); packets of a split bearervia a master or secondary node SDAP layer (e.g. SDAP 1120, SDAP 1140), amaster or secondary node PDCP layer (e.g. NR PDCP 1123, NR PDCP 1141), amaster or secondary node RLC layer (e.g. MN RLC 1126, SN RLC 1144, SNRLC 1145, MN RLC 1127), and a master or secondary node MAC layer (e.g.MN MAC 1128, SN MAC 1148).

In multi connectivity, a wireless device may configure multiple MACentities: one MAC entity (e.g. MN MAC 1118) for a master base station,and other MAC entities (e.g. SN MAC 1119) for a secondary base station.In multi-connectivity, a configured set of serving cells for a wirelessdevice may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising serving cells of amaster base station, and SCGs comprising serving cells of a secondarybase station. For an SCG, one or more of following configurations may beapplied: at least one cell of an SCG has a configured UL CC and at leastone cell of a SCG, named as primary secondary cell (PSCell, PCell ofSCG, or sometimes called PCell), is configured with PUCCH resources;when an SCG is configured, there may be at least one SCG bearer or oneSplit bearer; upon detection of a physical layer problem or a randomaccess problem on a PSCell, or a number of NR RLC retransmissions hasbeen reached associated with the SCG, or upon detection of an accessproblem on a PSCell during a SCG addition or a SCG change: an RRCconnection re-establishment procedure may not be triggered, ULtransmissions towards cells of an SCG may be stopped, a master basestation may be informed by a wireless device of a SCG failure type, forsplit bearer, a DL data transfer over a master base station may bemaintained; an NR RLC acknowledged mode (AM) bearer may be configuredfor a split bearer; PCell and/or PSCell may not be de-activated; PSCellmay be changed with a SCG change procedure (e.g. with security keychange and a RACH procedure); and/or a bearer type change between asplit bearer and a SCG bearer or simultaneous configuration of a SCG anda split bearer may or may not supported.

With respect to interaction between a master base station and asecondary base stations for multi-connectivity, one or more of thefollowing may be applied: a master base station and/or a secondary basestation may maintain RRM measurement configurations of a wirelessdevice; a master base station may (e.g. based on received measurementreports, traffic conditions, and/or bearer types) may decide to requesta secondary base station to provide additional resources (e.g. servingcells) for a wireless device; upon receiving a request from a masterbase station, a secondary base station may create/modify a containerthat may result in configuration of additional serving cells for awireless device (or decide that the secondary base station has noresource available to do so); for a UE capability coordination, a masterbase station may provide (a part of) an AS configuration and UEcapabilities to a secondary base station; a master base station and asecondary base station may exchange information about a UE configurationby employing of RRC containers (inter-node messages) carried via Xnmessages; a secondary base station may initiate a reconfiguration of thesecondary base station existing serving cells (e.g. PUCCH towards thesecondary base station); a secondary base station may decide which cellis a PSCell within a SCG; a master base station may or may not changecontent of RRC configurations provided by a secondary base station; incase of a SCG addition and/or a SCG SCell addition, a master basestation may provide recent (or the latest) measurement results for SCGcell(s); a master base station and secondary base stations may receiveinformation of SFN and/or subframe offset of each other from OAM and/orvia an Xn interface, (e.g. for a purpose of DRX alignment and/oridentification of a measurement gap). In an example, when adding a newSCG SCell, dedicated RRC signaling may be used for sending requiredsystem information of a cell as for CA, except for a SFN acquired from aMIB of a PSCell of a SCG.

FIG. 11 is an example diagram of a random access procedure. One or moreevents may trigger a random access procedure. For example, one or moreevents may be at least one of following: initial access from RRC_IDLE,RRC connection re-establishment procedure, handover, DL or UL dataarrival during RRC_CONNECTED when UL synchronization status isnon-synchronized, transition from RRC_Inactive, and/or request for othersystem information. For example, a PDCCH order, a MAC entity, and/or abeam failure indication may initiate a random access procedure.

In an example embodiment, a random access procedure may be at least oneof a contention based random access procedure and a contention freerandom access procedure. For example, a contention based random accessprocedure may comprise, one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions, one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions, one or more Msg3 1240 transmissions, andcontention resolution 1250. For example, a contention free random accessprocedure may comprise one or more Msg 1 1220 transmissions and one ormore Msg2 1230 transmissions.

In an example, a base station may transmit (e.g., unicast, multicast, orbroadcast), to a UE, a RACH configuration 1210 via one or more beams.The RACH configuration 1210 may comprise one or more parametersindicating at least one of following: available set of PRACH resourcesfor a transmission of a random access preamble, initial preamble power(e.g., random access preamble initial received target power), an RSRPthreshold for a selection of a SS block and corresponding PRACHresource, a power-ramping factor (e.g., random access preamble powerramping step), random access preamble index, a maximum number ofpreamble transmission, preamble group A and group B, a threshold (e.g.,message size) to determine the groups of random access preambles, a setof one or more random access preambles for system information requestand corresponding PRACH resource(s), if any, a set of one or more randomaccess preambles for beam failure recovery request and correspondingPRACH resource(s), if any, a time window to monitor RA response(s), atime window to monitor response(s) on beam failure recovery request,and/or a contention resolution timer.

In an example, the Msg1 1220 may be one or more transmissions of arandom access preamble. For a contention based random access procedure,a UE may select a SS block with a RSRP above the RSRP threshold. Ifrandom access preambles group B exists, a UE may select one or morerandom access preambles from a group A or a group B depending on apotential Msg3 1240 size. If a random access preambles group B does notexist, a UE may select the one or more random access preambles from agroup A. A UE may select a random access preamble index randomly (e.g.with equal probability or a normal distribution) from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected group. If a base stationsemi-statistically configures a UE with an association between randomaccess preambles and SS blocks, the UE may select a random accesspreamble index randomly with equal probability from one or more randomaccess preambles associated with a selected SS block and a selectedgroup.

For example, a UE may initiate a contention free random access procedurebased on a beam failure indication from a lower layer. For example, abase station may semi-statistically configure a UE with one or morecontention free PRACH resources for beam failure recovery requestassociated with at least one of SS blocks and/or CSI-RSs. If at leastone of SS blocks with a RSRP above a first RSRP threshold amongstassociated SS blocks or at least one of CSI-RSs with a RSRP above asecond RSRP threshold amongst associated CSI-RSs is available, a UE mayselect a random access preamble index corresponding to a selected SSblock or CSI-RS from a set of one or more random access preambles forbeam failure recovery request.

For example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accesspreamble index via PDCCH or RRC for a contention free random accessprocedure. If a base station does not configure a UE with at least onecontention free PRACH resource associated with SS blocks or CSI-RS, theUE may select a random access preamble index. If a base stationconfigures a UE with one or more contention free PRACH resourcesassociated with SS blocks and at least one SS block with a RSRP above afirst RSRP threshold amongst associated SS blocks is available, the UEmay select the at least one SS block and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one SS block. If a base station configuresa UE with one or more contention free PRACH resources associated withCSI-RSs and at least one CSI-RS with a RSRP above a second RSPRthreshold amongst the associated CSI-RSs is available, the UE may selectthe at least one CSI-RS and select a random access preamblecorresponding to the at least one CSI-RS.

A UE may perform one or more Msg1 1220 transmissions by transmitting theselected random access preamble. For example, if a UE selects an SSblock and is configured with an association between one or more PRACHoccasions and one or more SS blocks, the UE may determine an PRACHoccasion from one or more PRACH occasions corresponding to a selected SSblock. For example, if a UE selects a CSI-RS and is configured with anassociation between one or more PRACH occasions and one or more CSI-RSs,the UE may determine a PRACH occasion from one or more PRACH occasionscorresponding to a selected CSI-RS. A UE may transmit, to a basestation, a selected random access preamble via a selected PRACHoccasions. A UE may determine a transmit power for a transmission of aselected random access preamble at least based on an initial preamblepower and a power-ramping factor. A UE may determine a RA-RNTIassociated with a selected PRACH occasions in which a selected randomaccess preamble is transmitted. For example, a UE may not determine aRA-RNTI for a beam failure recovery request. A UE may determine anRA-RNTI at least based on an index of a first OFDM symbol and an indexof a first slot of a selected PRACH occasions, and/or an uplink carrierindex for a transmission of Msg1 1220.

In an example, a UE may receive, from a base station, a random accessresponse, Msg 2 1230. A UE may start a time window (e.g., ra-ResponseWindow) to monitor a random access response. For beam failure recoveryrequest, a base station may configure a UE with a different time window(e.g., bfr-ResponseWindow) to monitor response on beam failure recoveryrequest. For example, a UE may start a time window (e.g.,ra-ResponseWindow or bfr-ResponseWindow) at a start of a first PDCCHoccasion after a fixed duration of one or more symbols from an end of apreamble transmission. If a UE transmits multiple preambles, the UE maystart a time window at a start of a first PDCCH occasion after a fixedduration of one or more symbols from an end of a first preambletransmission. A UE may monitor a PDCCH of a cell for at least one randomaccess response identified by a RA-RNTI or for at least one response tobeam failure recovery request identified by a C-RNTI while a timer for atime window is running

In an example, a UE may consider a reception of random access responsesuccessful if at least one random access response comprises a randomaccess preamble identifier corresponding to a random access preambletransmitted by the UE. A UE may consider the contention free randomaccess procedure successfully completed if a reception of random accessresponse is successful. If a contention free random access procedure istriggered for a beam failure recovery request, a UE may consider acontention free random access procedure successfully complete if a PDCCHtransmission is addressed to a C-RNTI. In an example, if at least onerandom access response comprises a random access preamble identifier, aUE may consider the random access procedure successfully completed andmay indicate a reception of an acknowledgement for a system informationrequest to upper layers. If a UE has signaled multiple preambletransmissions, the UE may stop transmitting remaining preambles (if any)in response to a successful reception of a corresponding random accessresponse.

In an example, a UE may perform one or more Msg 3 1240 transmissions inresponse to a successful reception of random access response (e.g., fora contention based random access procedure). A UE may adjust an uplinktransmission timing based on a timing advanced command indicated by arandom access response and may transmit one or more transport blocksbased on an uplink grant indicated by a random access response.Subcarrier spacing for PUSCH transmission for Msg3 1240 may be providedby at least one higher layer (e.g. RRC) parameter. A UE may transmit arandom access preamble via PRACH and Msg3 1240 via PUSCH on a same cell.A base station may indicate an UL BWP for a PUSCH transmission of Msg31240 via system information block. A UE may employ HARQ for aretransmission of Msg 3 1240.

In an example, multiple UEs may perform Msg 1 1220 by transmitting asame preamble to a base station and receive, from the base station, asame random access response comprising an identity (e.g., TC-RNTI).Contention resolution 1250 may ensure that a UE does not incorrectly usean identity of another UE. For example, contention resolution 1250 maybe based on C-RNTI on PDCCH or a UE contention resolution identity onDL-SCH. For example, if a base station assigns a C-RNTI to a UE, the UEmay perform contention resolution 1250 based on a reception of a PDCCHtransmission that is addressed to the C-RNTI. In response to detectionof a C-RNTI on a PDCCH, a UE may consider contention resolution 1250successful and may consider a random access procedure successfullycompleted. If a UE has no valid C-RNTI, a contention resolution may beaddressed by employing a TC-RNTI. For example, if a MAC PDU issuccessfully decoded and a MAC PDU comprises a UE contention resolutionidentity MAC CE that matches the CCCH SDU transmitted in Msg3 1250, a UEmay consider the contention resolution 1250 successful and may considerthe random access procedure successfully completed.

FIG. 12 is an example structure for MAC entities as per an aspect of anembodiment. In an example, a wireless device may be configured tooperate in a multi-connectivity mode. A wireless device in RRC_CONNECTEDwith multiple RX/TX may be configured to utilize radio resourcesprovided by multiple schedulers located in a plurality of base stations.The plurality of base stations may be connected via a non-ideal or idealbackhaul over the Xn interface. In an example, a base station in aplurality of base stations may act as a master base station or as asecondary base station. A wireless device may be connected to one masterbase station and one or more secondary base stations. A wireless devicemay be configured with multiple MAC entities, e.g. one MAC entity formaster base station, and one or more other MAC entities for secondarybase station(s). In an example, a configured set of serving cells for awireless device may comprise two subsets: an MCG comprising servingcells of a master base station, and one or more SCGs comprising servingcells of a secondary base station(s). FIG. 13 illustrates an examplestructure for MAC entities when MCG and SCG are configured for awireless device.

In an example, at least one cell in a SCG may have a configured UL CC,wherein a cell of at least one cell may be called PSCell or PCell ofSCG, or sometimes may be simply called PCell. A PSCell may be configuredwith PUCCH resources. In an example, when a SCG is configured, there maybe at least one SCG bearer or one split bearer. In an example, upondetection of a physical layer problem or a random access problem on aPSCell, or upon reaching a number of RLC retransmissions associated withthe SCG, or upon detection of an access problem on a PSCell during a SCGaddition or a SCG change: an RRC connection re-establishment proceduremay not be triggered, UL transmissions towards cells of an SCG may bestopped, a master base station may be informed by a UE of a SCG failuretype and DL data transfer over a master base station may be maintained.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may provide services such as data transferand radio resource allocation to upper layers (e.g. 1310 or 1320). A MACsublayer may comprise a plurality of MAC entities (e.g. 1350 and 1360).A MAC sublayer may provide data transfer services on logical channels.To accommodate different kinds of data transfer services, multiple typesof logical channels may be defined. A logical channel may supporttransfer of a particular type of information. A logical channel type maybe defined by what type of information (e.g., control or data) istransferred. For example, BCCH, PCCH, CCCH and DCCH may be controlchannels and DTCH may be a traffic channel. In an example, a first MACentity (e.g. 1310) may provide services on PCCH, BCCH, CCCH, DCCH, DTCHand MAC control elements. In an example, a second MAC entity (e.g. 1320)may provide services on BCCH, DCCH, DTCH and MAC control elements.

A MAC sublayer may expect from a physical layer (e.g. 1330 or 1340)services such as data transfer services, signaling of HARQ feedback,signaling of scheduling request or measurements (e.g. CQI). In anexample, in dual connectivity, two MAC entities may be configured for awireless device: one for MCG and one for SCG. A MAC entity of wirelessdevice may handle a plurality of transport channels. In an example, afirst MAC entity may handle first transport channels comprising a PCCHof MCG, a first BCH of MCG, one or more first DL-SCHs of MCG, one ormore first UL-SCHs of MCG and one or more first RACHs of MCG. In anexample, a second MAC entity may handle second transport channelscomprising a second BCH of SCG, one or more second DL-SCHs of SCG, oneor more second UL-SCHs of SCG and one or more second RACHs of SCG.

In an example, if a MAC entity is configured with one or more SCells,there may be multiple DL-SCHs and there may be multiple UL-SCHs as wellas multiple RACHs per MAC entity. In an example, there may be one DL-SCHand UL-SCH on a SpCell. In an example, there may be one DL-SCH, zero orone UL-SCH and zero or one RACH for an SCell. A DL-SCH may supportreceptions using different numerologies and/or TTI duration within a MACentity. A UL-SCH may also support transmissions using differentnumerologies and/or TTI duration within the MAC entity.

In an example, a MAC sublayer may support different functions and maycontrol these functions with a control (e.g. 1355 or 1365) element.Functions performed by a MAC entity may comprise mapping between logicalchannels and transport channels (e.g., in uplink or downlink),multiplexing (e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs from one or differentlogical channels onto transport blocks (TB) to be delivered to thephysical layer on transport channels (e.g., in uplink), demultiplexing(e.g. 1352 or 1362) of MAC SDUs to one or different logical channelsfrom transport blocks (TB) delivered from the physical layer ontransport channels (e.g., in downlink), scheduling information reporting(e.g., in uplink), error correction through HARQ in uplink or downlink(e.g. 1363), and logical channel prioritization in uplink (e.g. 1351 or1361). A MAC entity may handle a random access process (e.g. 1354 or1364).

FIG. 13 is an example diagram of a RAN architecture comprising one ormore base stations. In an example, a protocol stack (e.g. RRC, SDAP,PDCP, RLC, MAC, and PHY) may be supported at a node. A base station(e.g. 120A or 120B) may comprise a base station central unit (CU) (e.g.gNB-CU 1420A or 1420B) and at least one base station distributed unit(DU) (e.g. gNB-DU 1430A, 1430B, 1430C, or 1430D) if a functional splitis configured. Upper protocol layers of a base station may be located ina base station CU, and lower layers of the base station may be locatedin the base station DUs. An F1 interface (e.g. CU-DU interface)connecting a base station CU and base station DUs may be an ideal ornon-ideal backhaul. F1-C may provide a control plane connection over anF1 interface, and F1-U may provide a user plane connection over the F1interface. In an example, an Xn interface may be configured between basestation CUs.

In an example, a base station CU may comprise an RRC function, an SDAPlayer, and a PDCP layer, and base station DUs may comprise an RLC layer,a MAC layer, and a PHY layer. In an example, various functional splitoptions between a base station CU and base station DUs may be possibleby locating different combinations of upper protocol layers (RANfunctions) in a base station CU and different combinations of lowerprotocol layers (RAN functions) in base station DUs. A functional splitmay support flexibility to move protocol layers between a base stationCU and base station DUs depending on service requirements and/or networkenvironments.

In an example, functional split options may be configured per basestation, per base station CU, per base station DU, per UE, per bearer,per slice, or with other granularities. In per base station CU split, abase station CU may have a fixed split option, and base station DUs maybe configured to match a split option of a base station CU. In per basestation DU split, a base station DU may be configured with a differentsplit option, and a base station CU may provide different split optionsfor different base station DUs. In per UE split, a base station (basestation CU and at least one base station DUs) may provide differentsplit options for different wireless devices. In per bearer split,different split options may be utilized for different bearers. In perslice splice, different split options may be applied for differentslices.

FIG. 14 is an example diagram showing RRC state transitions of awireless device. In an example, a wireless device may be in at least oneRRC state among an RRC connected state (e.g. RRC Connected 1530,RRC_Connected), an RRC idle state (e.g. RRC Idle 1510, RRC_Idle), and/oran RRC inactive state (e.g. RRC Inactive 1520, RRC_Inactive). In anexample, in an RRC connected state, a wireless device may have at leastone RRC connection with at least one base station (e.g. gNB and/or eNB),which may have a UE context of the wireless device. A UE context (e.g. awireless device context) may comprise at least one of an access stratumcontext, one or more radio link configuration parameters, bearer (e.g.data radio bearer (DRB), signaling radio bearer (SRB), logical channel,QoS flow, PDU session, and/or the like) configuration information,security information, PHY/MAC/RLC/PDCP/SDAP layer configurationinformation, and/or the like configuration information for a wirelessdevice. In an example, in an RRC idle state, a wireless device may nothave an RRC connection with a base station, and a UE context of awireless device may not be stored in a base station. In an example, inan RRC inactive state, a wireless device may not have an RRC connectionwith a base station. A UE context of a wireless device may be stored ina base station, which may be called as an anchor base station (e.g. lastserving base station).

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state betweenan RRC idle state and an RRC connected state in both ways (e.g.connection release 1540 or connection establishment 1550; or connectionreestablishment) and/or between an RRC inactive state and an RRCconnected state in both ways (e.g. connection inactivation 1570 orconnection resume 1580). In an example, a wireless device may transitionits RRC state from an RRC inactive state to an RRC idle state (e.g.connection release 1560).

In an example, an anchor base station may be a base station that maykeep a UE context (a wireless device context) of a wireless device atleast during a time period that a wireless device stays in a RANnotification area (RNA) of an anchor base station, and/or that awireless device stays in an RRC inactive state. In an example, an anchorbase station may be a base station that a wireless device in an RRCinactive state was lastly connected to in a latest RRC connected stateor that a wireless device lastly performed an RNA update procedure in.In an example, an RNA may comprise one or more cells operated by one ormore base stations. In an example, a base station may belong to one ormore RNAs. In an example, a cell may belong to one or more RNAs.

In an example, a wireless device may transition a UE RRC state from anRRC connected state to an RRC inactive state in a base station. Awireless device may receive RNA information from the base station. RNAinformation may comprise at least one of an RNA identifier, one or morecell identifiers of one or more cells of an RNA, a base stationidentifier, an IP address of the base station, an AS context identifierof the wireless device, a resume identifier, and/or the like.

In an example, an anchor base station may broadcast a message (e.g. RANpaging message) to base stations of an RNA to reach to a wireless devicein an RRC inactive state, and/or the base stations receiving the messagefrom the anchor base station may broadcast and/or multicast anothermessage (e.g. paging message) to wireless devices in their coveragearea, cell coverage area, and/or beam coverage area associated with theRNA through an air interface.

In an example, when a wireless device in an RRC inactive state movesinto a new RNA, the wireless device may perform an RNA update (RNAU)procedure, which may comprise a random access procedure by the wirelessdevice and/or a UE context retrieve procedure. A UE context retrieve maycomprise: receiving, by a base station from a wireless device, a randomaccess preamble; and fetching, by a base station, a UE context of thewireless device from an old anchor base station. Fetching may comprise:sending a retrieve UE context request message comprising a resumeidentifier to the old anchor base station and receiving a retrieve UEcontext response message comprising the UE context of the wirelessdevice from the old anchor base station.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state mayselect a cell to camp on based on at least a on measurement results forone or more cells, a cell where a wireless device may monitor an RNApaging message and/or a core network paging message from a base station.In an example, a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may select acell to perform a random access procedure to resume an RRC connectionand/or to transmit one or more packets to a base station (e.g. to anetwork). In an example, if a cell selected belongs to a different RNAfrom an RNA for a wireless device in an RRC inactive state, the wirelessdevice may initiate a random access procedure to perform an RNA updateprocedure. In an example, if a wireless device in an RRC inactive statehas one or more packets, in a buffer, to transmit to a network, thewireless device may initiate a random access procedure to transmit oneor more packets to a base station of a cell that the wireless deviceselects. A random access procedure may be performed with two messages(e.g. 2 stage random access) and/or four messages (e.g. 4 stage randomaccess) between the wireless device and the base station.

In an example embodiment, a base station receiving one or more uplinkpackets from a wireless device in an RRC inactive state may fetch a UEcontext of a wireless device by transmitting a retrieve UE contextrequest message for the wireless device to an anchor base station of thewireless device based on at least one of an AS context identifier, anRNA identifier, a base station identifier, a resume identifier, and/or acell identifier received from the wireless device. In response tofetching a UE context, a base station may transmit a path switch requestfor a wireless device to a core network entity (e.g. AMF, MME, and/orthe like). A core network entity may update a downlink tunnel endpointidentifier for one or more bearers established for the wireless devicebetween a user plane core network entity (e.g. UPF, S-GW, and/or thelike) and a RAN node (e.g. the base station), e.g. changing a downlinktunnel endpoint identifier from an address of the anchor base station toan address of the base station.

A gNB may communicate with a wireless device via a wireless networkemploying one or more new radio technologies. The one or more radiotechnologies may comprise at least one of: multiple technologies relatedto physical layer; multiple technologies related to medium accesscontrol layer; and/or multiple technologies related to radio resourcecontrol layer. Example embodiments of enhancing the one or more radiotechnologies may improve performance of a wireless network. Exampleembodiments may increase the system throughput, or data rate oftransmission. Example embodiments may reduce battery consumption of awireless device. Example embodiments may improve latency of datatransmission between a gNB and a wireless device. Example embodimentsmay improve network coverage of a wireless network. Example embodimentsmay improve transmission efficiency of a wireless network.

In an example, a base station may control mapping of one or more logicalchannels (e.g., by the wireless device) to one or more transmissiondurations and/or numerologies and/or transmission time intervals (TTIs),e.g. TTI durations and/or cells. In an example, base station mayconfigure (e.g., using RRC) a maximum transmission duration for eachlogical channel in a plurality of logical channels. In an example, themaximum transmission duration may correspond to a maximum PUSCHduration. In an example, the maximum transmission duration maycorrespond to a maximum duration of a transport block. In an example, atransmission duration may be smaller than or equal to a TTI durationcorresponding to the transmission duration. In an example, configurationparameters for a logical channel may comprise an information elementindicating the maximum transmission duration and/or maximum PUSCHduration and/or the maximum transport block duration. In an example, themapping may be semi-static (e.g., with RRC configuration), dynamic(e.g., using physical layer and/or MAC layer signalling), pre-configuredat the wireless device, hard split/soft split, etc. In an example, awireless device may support a plurality of TTIs and/or numerologies froma single cell. In an example, a plurality of TTIs and/or numerologiesand/or cells may be handled by a plurality of MAC entities. In anexample, the plurality of TTIs and/or numerologies and/or cells may begrouped (e.g., based on band, types of service/QoS, etc.) and a group ofTTIs/numerologies/cells may be handled by a MAC entity. In an example,the plurality of TTIs and/or numerologies and/or cells may be handled bya single MAC entity.

In an example, a radio bearer (RB) and/or logical channel (LC) may beconfigured by network/gNB to be mapped to one or more numerologiesand/or TTI durations and/or transmission durations. In an example, a MACentity may support one or more numerologies and/or TTI durations and/ortransmission durations. In an example, a logical channel may be mappedto one or more numerologies and/or TTI durations and/or transmissiondurations. In an example, a HARQ entity may support one or morenumerologies and/or TTI durations and/or transmission durations.

In an example, one or more numerologies and/or TTI durations and/ortransmission durations may be supported by a plurality of serving cellsand/or from one serving cell. The mapping of radio bearer/logicalchannel to numerology/TTI duration/transmission durations may beconfigured when the radio bearer/logical channel isconfigured/added/established. In an example, the mapping configurationmay not be changed until release of the radio bearer. In an example, themapping configuration may be reconfigured via RRC reconfiguration. In anexample, gNB may provide high priority for URLLC traffic to meet the QoS(e.g., delay) requirements of URLLC.

In an example, one or more logical channels with similar QoSrequirements (e.g., throughput, latency, etc.) may be mapped to a sameMAC entity. In an example, the one or more logical channels mapped tothe same MAC entity may be scheduled on a same numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration. In an example, physical layer resourcesmay be shared among one or more MAC entities. In an example, there maybe one or more interfaces among the one or more MAC entities. In anexample, there may be a centralized control layer above the MAC layer.In an example, physical layer resources may be semi-staticallyconfigured (e.g., using RRC) among the one or more MAC entities. In anexample, RRC signaling and/or centralized control layer above the MAClayer may indicate the configuration/reconfiguration. In an example, oneor more logical channels with similar QoS requirements may be mapped toa same HARQ entity. In an example, the one or more logical channels maybe scheduled with a same numerology/TTI length/transmission duration.

In an example, data from one or more logical channels may be multiplexedin a transport channel by applying a logical channel prioritization(LCP) procedure. In an example, when a new transmission is initiated, aMAC entity may multiplex data from a plurality of logical channels insame granted resources. The LCP procedure may determine amount of datafor a logical channel that may be multiplexed in the granted resources.In an example, LCP may enable the QoS of different radio bearers.

In an example, a logical channel may be configured with a PBR(prioritized bit rate), e.g., with RRC singling. In an example, the PBRmay guarantee a minimum data rate for a logical channel. In an example,a logical channel may be served with an amount of data limited by thePBR*TTI. In an example, after the logical channels are served bycorresponding PBR and if there is any resource space left in the grant,no limitation of the resources may be applied until either the grantresources are exhausted or there is no data in the logical channels.

In an example in NR, a plurality of numerologies/TTIs/transmissiondurations may be supported on one carrier and/or on a plurality ofcarriers. In an example, the services may require a plurality of QoSlevels. For example, the URLLC may require ultra-low latency while eMBBmay require high throughput. In an example, a UE may support a pluralityof services simultaneously.

In an example, mapping between a logical channel to one or morenumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations may be fixed. In anexample, the mapping between a logical channel to one or morenumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations may be dynamic (e.g.,using physical layer or MAC layer signaling). In an example, the mappingbetween a logical channel to one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations may be semi-static (e.g., using RRC).

In an example in NR, a logical channel may have one or more associatednumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations. In an example, alogical channel may be associated with a maximum and/or a minimum TTIduration/transmission duration. For example, a logical channel withURLLC packets may be mapped to numerologies with small TTIdurations/transmission durations (e.g., smaller than a threshold) toguarantee the maximum delay requirements. In an example, a logicalchannel with eMBB packets may be mapped to one or more numerologies withlarge TTI duration/transmission duration (e.g., larger than a threshold)to improve the throughput. In an example, mapping between a logicalchannel and one or more TTI durations/transmissiondurations/numerologies may be configured by the high layer signaling,e.g., RRC signaling. In an example, the mapping between a logicalchannel and one or more TTI durations/transmissiondurations/numerologies may be signaled with DCI and/or MAC controlelement.

In an example, the packets in logical channels mapped to one or morefirst TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies may be multiplexed intothe granted resources for other different TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies in some scenarios. For example, if resources of agrant resources with TTI/transmission duration/numerology to which alogical channel for URLLC is mapped is not completely allocated, eMBBpackets in a logical channel mapped to large TTI/transmissionduration/numerology may use the left space in some scenarios. In anexample, NR may support semi-static mapping between logical channels andTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies.

In an example, a TTI/transmission duration/numerology may be indicatedin a grant for a UE. A DCI format may comprise one or more fields toindicate to a UE a TTI/transmission duration/numerology for the grant.In an example, a maximum and/or minimum TTI duration/transmissionduration the numerology may support may be included in a grant. In anexample, at least the TTI/transmission duration for a numerology may bevisible to the MAC layer. In an example, the TTI duration/transmissionduration for a numerology may be visible to the MAC layer to performlogical channel and numerology mapping. In an example, one or more TTIdurations/transmission durations may be included in one or more of theDCI formats.

In an example, a logical channel may be mapped to one or moreTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies through high layer signaling.Logical channel prioritization (LCP) may be applied to one or morelogical channels which may be mapped to the TTI/transmissionduration/numerology indicated by a given grant. LCP may be applied toother logical channels when the given grant has left space.

In an example, for one or more numerologies, at least the TTIduration/transmission duration of the one or more numerologies may bevisible to MAC. In an example, URLLC services may require a short TTIduration/transmission duration to achieve low latency. In an example,eMBB services may use a large TTI/transmission duration and/or slotaggregation to achieve high throughput. In an example, mMTC services mayrequire narrow bandwidth capacity for intermittent small data.

In an example, NR may provide support for carrier aggregation. In anexample, carriers with the same or different numerologies may besupported. In an example, a plurality of TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies may be time domain multiplexed (e.g., TDM) and/orfrequency domain multiplexed (e.g., FDM) in a carrier. In an example,slot aggregation may be supported. Data transmission may be scheduled tospan one or more slots. In an example, slot aggregation may be used foreMBB services with large volume of data. In an example, min-slots may beused for delay-critical URLLC services by occupying small number ofsymbols

In an example, a radio bearer may be configured by network to be mappedto one or more numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations. In anexample, a logical channel may be mapped to one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, ARQtransmission/retransmission may occur across different numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, a MAC scheduler maydetermine that ARQ transmission/retransmission may be transmitted overwhich numerology/TTI duration/transmission durations. In an example, theRLC layer may be transparent to the PHY numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, the RLC configurationmay be per logical channel. There may be one RLC configuration for alogical channel. In an example, RRC may reconfigure mapping between aradio bearer/logical channel and one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations.

In an example, NR may support ARQ transmissions/retransmissions across aplurality of numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations if acorresponding radio bearer is configured to a plurality ofnumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations. In an example, RRCmay reconfigure mapping between a radio bearer/logical channel and oneor more numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations.

In an example, a single HARQ entity may support one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, HARQtransmissions transmitted over one TTI/transmission duration/numerologymay be switched to a different TTI/transmission duration/numerology insome scenarios. For example, when the UE undergoes sudden channelvariations due to high speed, the gNB may use another TTI/transmissionduration/numerology which may counteract the frequency offset. The HARQentity may maintain one or more process IDs towards one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, HARQconfiguration may not be numerology/TTI duration/transmission durationspecific. In an example, within a single carrier, a single HARQ entitymay support one or more numerologies/TTI durations/transmissiondurations. HARQ transmission and retransmissions may occur on differentnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations.

In an example for carrier aggregation, a HARQ entity may support one ormore numerologies across the carriers. In an example, cell index and/orprocess ID where transmission/retransmissions occur may be indicated. Inan example, a TTI/transmission duration/numerology may be used by one ormore logical channels corresponding to a service. In an example, aTTI/transmission duration/numerology may be used by a plurality logicalchannels corresponding to a plurality of services. In an example, aTTI/transmission duration/numerology may be shared by one or morelogical channels corresponding to one or more services. In an example,TTI/transmission duration/numerology sharing may be allowed whilemeeting requirements for different services. For example, one or morelogical channels corresponding to an eMBB service with delaytolerability may use a TTI/transmission duration/numerology for URLLC ifperformance of URLLC service is not harmed.

In an example in LTE, data from a plurality of logical channels may bemultiplexed into a MAC PDU. In an example in LTE, the MAC PDU may betransmitted on a numerology with TTI duration/transmission duration of 1ms. In an example, LCP (Logical Channel Prioritization) procedure may beused for the MAC PDU construction. In an example, LCP may determine theamount of data from a logical channel to be multiplexed in a MAC PDU. Byusing the LCP procedure, the UE may satisfy the QoS of a radio bearer.In an example, a PBR (Prioritized Bit Rate) may be configured for alogical channel. The PBR may enable a minimum data rate guaranteed forthe logical channel

In an example in LTE, LCP may be implemented by allocating resources ofa grant to one or more logical channels in a decreasing priority order.In an example, the amount of allocated resources to a logical channelmay be limited by a corresponding PBR of the logical channel. In anexample, a logical channel may be served up to the corresponding PBRvalue. In an example, if there is any space left, a logical channel maybe allocated resource in decreasing priority order, without limitationon the allocated resource. In an example in LTE, a logical channel mayuse radio resource allocated by the network to the UE. In an example, alogical channel may not use resources allocated from unlicensed bands.

In an example, a sub-band within a carrier may be configured with anumerology. In an example, a transport block (TB) may be allocatedwithin a sub-band. In an example, a TB may be transmitted on a (e.g.,only one) numerology/TTI. In an example in NR, for delay sensitiveservices, like URLLC, numerology with reduced TTI may be adopted totransmit and retransmit the URLLC data. In an example, more controlsignaling may be needed for numerologies with shorter TTIs thannumerologies with longer TTIs. In an example for the delay tolerableservice, like eMBB, a numerology with long TTI may be adopted. In anexample, the network or the gNB may provide differentiated QoS todifferent logical channels via mapping between the logical channels andthe numerologies/TTIs and/or assigning priorities to the logicalchannels. In an example in FIG. 15, a possible mapping between logicalchannels and the numerologies/TTIs is illustrated. For example, logicalchannel 1 (LCH1), LCH2 and LCH3 may be mapped tonumerology/TTI/transmission duration 1 in a decreasing priority order,and the LCH4, LCH5 and LCH6 may be mapped to numerology/TTI/transmissionduration 2 in a decreasing priority order.

In an example, a logical channel may be associated with a primaryTTI/transmission duration/numerology and one or more secondaryTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, to provideflexibility and efficiency in utilization of radio resources, a servicewith a large amount of data may be allowed to transmit on secondaryTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies if resource of the primaryTTI/transmission duration/numerology is exhausted and there is spaceleft on the secondary TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies.

In an example, a radio bearer may be configured by the network to bemapped to one or more numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations.A logical channel may be mapped to one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, a logical channel maybe associated with one or more numerologies/TTIs/transmission durations.In an example, a logical channel may be configured withnumerology/TTI/transmission durations specific priority. A logicalchannel priority may be different on differentnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, a logicalchannel may use resource from one or more TTIs/numerologies/transmissiondurations. In an example, a priority of a logical channel may bedifferent on different TTIs/numerologies/transmission durations. In anexample, an eMBB service may be de-prioritized on a numerology withshort TTI/transmission duration compared with a URLLC service. In anexample, a UE may prioritize the eMBB service rather than the URLLCservice on the numerology with long TTI/transmission duration.

In an example, FIG. 16 illustrates two examples ofnumerology/TTI/transmission duration specific logical channel priorityhandling. A logical channel may be configured to be associated with bothnumerology/TTI/transmission duration 1 and numerology/TTI/transmissionduration 2. In example 1, for a TTI/transmission duration/numerology,the UE may allocate resource to a logical channel to satisfy the PBR ina decreasing priority order. In an example, the UE may allocate theremaining resource for the remaining data associated with a logicalchannel in order of priority. In example 2, logical channels LCH4-LCH6may be served on numerology/TTI/transmission duration 1 if the data ofthe logical channels LCH1-LCH3 have been exhausted. The same proceduremay apply to numerology/TTI/transmission duration 2, where logicalchannels LCH1-LCH3 may be de-prioritized and may be prohibited to usethe radio resource if the logical channels LCH4-LCH6 still have data totransmit.

In an example, numerology specific rules may be defined for logicalchannel prioritization, e.g., in terms of allocating resources tological channel associated with multiple numerologies. In an example,when a logical channel is mapped to a plurality ofnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations, the UE may construct aplurality of MAC PDUs for TBs from a plurality of numerologies/TTIs atsubstantially the same time. In an example, if the UE performs LCPsequentially on the plurality of numerologies/TTIs/transmissiondurations, the amount of data put into the plurality of MAC PDUs may bedifferent, as how much data UE transmits via a TTI/transmissionduration/numerology may depend on how much data UE has for the resourcesleft after PBR is satisfied. In an example, the processing order of ULgrants from different TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies may bedetermined either by network configuration, and/or by pre-definedcriteria. In an example, with TTI/transmission duration/numerologyprioritization, the network/gNB may correctly calculate the amount ofdata expected from a logical channel and may allocate UL grant properly.In an example, when a logical channel is associated with multiplenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations, the processing order of ULgrants of different numerologies may be determined either by networkconfiguration, or by pre-defined criterion.

In an example, Logical Channel Prioritization procedure may be appliedwhen a new transmission is performed. In an example, RRC may signal fora logical channel: priority where an increasing priority value mayindicate a lower priority level, prioritisedBitRate which may setPrioritized Bit Rate (PBR), bucketSizeDuration which may set Bucket SizeDuration (BSD).

In an example, a MAC entity may maintain a variable Bj for a logicalchannel j. Bj may be initialized to zero when logical channel j isconfigured/established. In an example, Bj may be incremented by theproduct PBR×TTI duration for a TTI, where PBR is Prioritized Bit Rate oflogical channel j. In an example, the value of Bj may not exceed thebucket size. If the value of Bj is larger than the bucket size oflogical channel j, it may be set to the bucket size. The bucket size ofa logical channel may be equal to PBR×BSD, where PBR and BSD may beconfigured by upper layers.

In an example, logical channels with Bj>0 may be allocated resources ina decreasing priority order. If the PBR of a logical channel is set to“infinity”, the MAC entity may allocate resources for all the data thatis available for transmission on the logical channel before meeting thePBR of the lower priority logical channel(s). In an example, MAC entitymay decrement Bj by the total size of MAC SDUs served to logical channelj. The value of Bj may be negative. In an example, if resources remain,the logical channels may be served in a decreasing priority order (e.g.,regardless of the value of Bj) until either the data for that logicalchannel or the UL grant is exhausted, whichever comes first. Logicalchannels configured with equal priority may be served equally.

In an example, a radio bearer may be configured by network/gNB to bemapped to one or more numerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In anexample, a serving cell may comprise one or more numerologies. In anexample, a UE may have UL grants on one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, a UE maydetermine how to allocate resources of an UL grant among one or moreradio bearers (RBs) which may be mapped to a TTI/numerology/transmissionduration indicated in the UL grant using LCP procedure.

In an example, a first priority may be configured for a logical and thefirst priority may be independent of the one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, one or morepriorities may be configured for a logical channel. In an example, apriority may be configured for each of a plurality ofnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations that the logical channel may bemapped to. In an example, a priority may be configured for each of aplurality of numerologies/TTIs/transmission durations that areconfigured for a wireless device.

In an example, a radio bearer/logical channel may be configured withabsolute priority. In an example, a RB/LC priority may benumerology/TTI/transmission duration specific for thenumerologies/TTI/transmission durations that the RB/LC may be mapped. Inan example, a first priority may be configured for a RB/LC. The firstpriority may have a same value for one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, for a RB/LCmapped to a plurality of numerologies/TTIs/transmission durations, thefirst priority may be considered to decide the UL grant processing orderin LCP procedure.

In an example, a plurality of carriers with one or more numerologies maybe aggregated in NR. In an example, at least TTI length/transmissionduration of one or more numerologies may be visible to MAC layer. In anexample, a numerology may be characterized by at least by subcarrierspacing (SCS), CP length and TTI length/transmission duration. In anexample, TTI length/transmission duration may be defined by a length ofsubframe, slot and/or mini-slot. In an example, one or more numerologiesmay have a same TTI length/transmission duration. In an example, one ormore numerologies may not have a same TTI length/transmission duration.In an example, TTI length/transmission duration may not differentiatedifferent numerologies. In an example, one or more numerologycharacteristics such as SCS and CP length may not be visible to MAClayer.

In an example, gNB may configure an index for aTTI/numerology/transmission duration. In an example, an index may bepre-configured for a TTI/numerology/transmission duration. In anexample, the numerology/TTI/transmission duration index may be indicatedby PHY layer to MAC when a UL grant is received.

In an example, a service may only utilize one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. For example, a LC/DRB forURLLC may be only associated to a numerology/TTI/transmission durationto satisfy QoS with high latency and reliability requirements. In anexample, a service (e.g., eMBB) may be transmitted with a plurality ofnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, an LC/DRB foreMBB may be associated to a plurality of numerologies/TTIs/transmissiondurations. In an example, a numerology/TTI/transmission duration mayonly be used for a service (e.g., URLLC). In an example, anumerology/TTI/transmission duration may be used for a plurality ofservices. A plurality of LCs/DRBs may be associated to a samenumerology. In an example, when one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations are configured for a DRB/LC,the PDUs of the LC may only be transmitted on the one or more associatednumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations.

In an example, number of MAC entities may be equal to number ofschedulers. In an example in NR with a plurality ofnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations, a UE may support a pluralityof numerologies/TTIs/transmission durations from a cell. In an example,resource allocation on the different numerologies/TTIs/transmissiondurations from a cell may be scheduled by a same scheduler. In anexample, a plurality of MAC entities may handle a plurality ofnumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations. In an example, the pluralityof MAC entities may coordinate for the MAC functions, e.g. DRX, TAT,etc.

In an example, a default configuration may configure a LCH to use theTTI lengths/transmission durations of a numerology unless somerestriction is configured. In an example, a maximum TTIlength/transmission duration may be configured for a LCH to restrictwhich TTI lengths/transmission durations may be used to transmit data ofthe LCH. In an example in LTE, a PDCCH may be used to allocate an ULgrant to a MAC entity. When an UL grant is received, the MAC entity mayapply LCP for RBs mapped to the MAC entity. The LCP procedure may beused by the MAC entity to construct a MAC PDU using data from one ormore RBs.

In an example, due to the LCP procedure, one MAC PDU may contain datafrom one or more RBs regardless of whether those RBs have same QoS ornot. In an example, if data from one or more RBs with different QoS aremultiplexed into one MAC PDU, they may experience same radio treatment,e.g. same HARQ operation point, same MCS level, etc. In an example,different QoS handling may not be supported after data is included in aMAC PDU. In an example, to ensure different QoS handling in radiointerface, QoS multiplexing in one PDU may be avoided. In an example,QoS multiplexing in a PDU may be avoided. In an example, a MAC PDU maybe constructed using only data from RBs with same QoS. In an example,QoS multiplexing may not be supported in MAC. In an example, for an ULgrant, the UE may apply LCP procedure for RBs having same QoS.

In an example, gNB may indicate the UE to transmit data from a QoS. Inan example, the gNB may provide QoS indication in an UL grant for the UEto use the UL grant only for data from the indicated QoS. In an example,for the gNB to know the UE's buffer status of each QoS, the BSR mayindicate buffer status per QoS. In an example, QoS specific UL grant andQoS specific BSR may be used.

In an example, logical channel prioritization and multiplexing maydetermine which logical channel(s) may be served in a MAC PDU. In anexample one or more logical channels may be better served on one or morenumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations than others. In anexample, to meet tight latency requirements of URLLC, the correspondinglogical channels may be served on a short numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration. In an example, LCP may take thenumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration of a MAC PDU into account.In an example, a maximum TTI duration/transmission duration parametermay be configured for a logical channel. In an example, the maximum TTIduration/transmission duration parameter may be used to select whichchannels to serve. In an example, LCP may be applied to the selectedlogical channels. In an example, for selection of logical channels toserve for a UL transmission with a TTI duration/transmission duration, aMAC entity may select one or more logical channels with a maximum TTIduration/transmission duration. The MAC entity may apply LCP on the oneor more selected logical channels.

In an example, the LCP may be aware of numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration of a MAC PDU. In an example, the TTIduration/transmission duration/numerology information may be carried inan uplink grant. In an example, the indication may be explicit (e.g.,using a field in the scheduling DCI and/or other DCI). In an example,the indication may be implicit (e.g. the TTI duration/transmissionduration of the UL transmission may be same as the DL transmission ofthe UL grant). In an example, the UL grant may carry the TB size. In anexample, a logical channel may be configured by RRC with a maximum TTIduration. In an example, for LCP, UL grant may carry (explicitly and/orimplicitly) information on the TTI duration/transmission duration of theUL transmission. In an example, for LCP, UL grant may carry informationon the size of the MAC PDU.

In an example, a numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may beused on a carrier (e.g., one numerology per carrier). In an example, aplurality of numerologies/TTI durations may be used on a carrier. In anexample, a MAC entity may serve one or more carriers. In an example,carrier aggregation may support one HARQ entity per carrier. In anexample, one HARQ entity may span a plurality of carriers. In anexample, HARQ entity may not be restricted to a single numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration. In an example, HARQ retransmissions maybe moved from one numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration toanother one. In an example, a MAC entity may have one HARQ Entity percarrier. In an example, HARQ entity may not be restricted to a singlenumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. In an example,discontinuous reception (DRX) function of MAC may not be restricted to asingle numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. In an example, aUE may have one MAC entity per cell group. In an example, a MAC entitymay not be restricted to a single numerology/TTI duration/transmissionduration.

In an example, logical channel to numerology/TTI length/transmissionduration mapping may be configured/reconfigured via RRC. In an example,numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may be related to therequirement/characteristics of data transmission, e.g., latency. In anexample, a numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may beconfigured when an RB is configured/established. In an example, a singlelogical channel may be mapped to one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations.

In an example, a range of numerologies/TTI durations may be configuredfor a RB′logical channel. For example, minimum numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration and/or maximum numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration may be signalled for the RB/logicalchannel. In an example, to configure a plurality of numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations for the RB, a range of associatednumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may be signaled for theRB.

In an example, HARQ retransmission may be performed across one or morenumerologies and/or TTI durations/transmission durations. In asynchronous HARQ procedure example, a maxHARQ-Tx and/or maxHARQ-Msg3Txmay be configured. In an example, an asynchronous HARQ procedure may beused in NR. In an example, LCP may take into account restriction oflogical channel to numerology/TTI length/transmission duration mapping

In an example, in token-bucket model, bucket for logical channel j (Bj)may be increased every TTI by PBR*TTI duration. In an example, when aMAC SDU of the logical channel is included in a MAC PDU, bucket may bedecreased by the amount of scheduled MAC SDUs. In an example, with oneor more numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations for anRB/logical channel, a UE may increase or decreases the bucket of thelogical channel based on a 1 ms TTI duration. In an example, with one ormore numerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations for an RB(logical channel), a UE may increase or decreases the bucket of thelogical channel based on a configured/default TTI/transmission duration.In an example, gNB may configure the TTI/transmission duration that a UEmay use to increase/decrease bucket size.

In an example, the LCP mechanism may be based on a token bucket model. Atoken bucket (Bj) may be maintained for a logical channel j. In anexample, every TTI, a token (PBR) may be added into the bucket until thebucket is full. When data is transmitted from a logical channel, thecorresponding number of tokens may be removed from the bucket. In anexample, PBR may be maintained on average rather than every TTI.

In an example, Bj may be maintained for logical channels. An example LCPprocedure may be performed in two stages. In an example, in a firststage, logical channels with Bj>0 may be served and in a second stage,the rest of the logical channels with data available may be served inorder of priority. In an example, LCP may maintains QoS on averagerather than meeting PBR requirements every TTI.

In an example, a gNB may map one or more carriers/numerologies to servetraffic which is not QoS sensitive. In an example, LCP procedure may bedisabled for one or more carrier/numerology. In an example, RRC mayindicate enabling/disabling of the one or more numerology.

In an example, the impact of one or more numerologies may be visible interms of different TTI lengths/transmission durations at which MAC layerprovides MAC PDUs to the physical layer. In an example, gNB may indicateto a wireless device logical to numerology/TTI/transmission durationmapping. In an example, when the MAC layer is requested to provide MACPDUs, MAC layer may execute logical channel prioritization (LCP) andmultiplexing functions. In an example, LCP may be executed separatelyfor each numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. In an example,the traffic associated with logical channels allowed to be transmittedover given numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may beconsidered. In an example, LCP may be executed separately for anumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration supported by a UE.

In an example, URLLC traffic may not be sent using eMBB numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration due to latency and reliabilityrequirements. In an example, a UE may not multiplex traffic from logicalchannels that may not be mapped to URLLC numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration even if there is room for the payload. Inan example, an eMBB numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration maynot support QoS required by URLLC service. In an example, RRC mayconfigure UE to multiplex traffic from one or more logical channels to agiven numerology based on QoS requirements. In an example, HARQconfiguration may be numerology/TTI duration/transmission durationspecific.

In an example, different priorities among logical channels may beapplied to the resources within different numerologies and/or TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, a gNB may dynamicallyindicate the priority among logical channels. In an example, a UE mayhave a default priority among logical channels. In an example, the gNBmay indicate, in an UL grant and/or other DCI, the logical channel thathas the highest priority for the UL grant. In an example, a UE mayadjust the default priority according to the indication from the gNB. Inan example, a UE may adapt logical channel priorities based on anindication of priority information from a gNB.

In an example, gNB may configure one or more of logical channels thatmay only be mapped to one or more first numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations (e.g., not mapped to numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations other than the one or more firstnumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations). In an example, a gNBmay configure one or more logical channels that may be mapped to anynumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations.

In an example, a logical channel may be mapped to one or morenumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations. In an example, ARQmay be performed on one or more numerologies/TTI durations/transmissiondurations that the LCH is mapped to. In an example, the RLCconfiguration may be per logical channel and may not depend onnumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. In an example, logicalchannel to numerology/TTI length/transmission duration mapping may bereconfigured via RRC reconfiguration. In an example, HARQ retransmissionmay be performed across different numerologies and/or TTIdurations/transmission durations. In an example, HARQ configuration maybe numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration specific. In anexample, a MAC entity may support one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission duration. In an example, LCP may consider mappingof logical channel to one or more numerologies/TTIdurations/transmission durations.

In an example, relative priorities between and amongst MAC CEs and thelogical channels may be configurable by the gNB/network. In an example,a default priority list may be used as baseline. The network may signala priority list. The UE may override the default priority list. In anexample, the dynamic priority list may be cell-specific or UE-specific.

In an example, a UE MAC may first perform first two steps of LCP for allresources of a given numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. Inan example, a UE MAC may first perform the first two steps of LCP forall applicable numerology/TTI duration(s)/transmission duration(s). TheUE may perform a third step of LCP for all remaining resources (if any)of each numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. In an example,priority may be configured by RRC per LCH for a LCH. In an example, PBRmay be configured for a LCH per applicable numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration by RRC. In an example, a UE MAC maysupport dynamic signalling that indicates absolute priority for a givenLCH (or LCG) when multiplexing data for a grant. In an example, dynamicsignalling may be performed using DCI. In an example, dynamic signallingmay be performed using MAC control element.

In an example, retransmission of a transport block may consider themapping of logical channel to one or more numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration. In an example, an uplink grant may beassociated with a numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration. For newtransmission, MAC PDU may be generated by including logical channelsthat are mapped to the numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration ofthe uplink grant. In an example for retransmission, an uplink grant maybe associated with a numerology/TTI duration that is commonly mapped tological channels included in the MAC PDU.

In an example, an uplink grant may be associated with a numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration. The UL grant may indicate one or morenumerologies/TTI durations/transmission durations. For new transmission,MAC PDU may be generated by including logical channels that are mappedto the one or more numerologies/TTI durations/transmission duration ofthe uplink grant. For retransmission, an uplink grant may be associatedwith a numerology/TTI duration/transmission duration that is commonlymapped to logical channels included in the MAC PDU.

In an example, if the UE receives an uplink grant associated with anumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration that may not be mapped toone of logical channels included in the MAC PDU, the UE may not use theuplink grant, e.g., ignore the uplink grant. In an example, anumerology/TTI duration/transmission duration may be identified by anindex. In an example, the index for a numerology/TTIduration/transmission duration may be configured by RRC and/orpre-configured and/or hard-coded.

In an example, a wireless device may receive one or more messagescomprising one or more radio resource configuration (RRC) messages fromone or more base stations (e.g., one or more NR gNBs and/or one or moreLTE eNBs and/or one or more eLTE eNBs, etc.). In an example, the one ormore messages may comprise configuration parameters for a plurality oflogical channels. In an example, the one or messages may comprise alogical channel identifier for each of the plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the logical channel identifier may be one of aplurality of logical channel identifiers. In an example, the pluralityof logical channel identifiers may be pre-configured. In an example, thelogical channel identifier may be one of a plurality of consecutiveintegers.

In an example, the plurality of logical channels configured for awireless device may correspond to one or more bearers. In an example,there may be one-to-one mapping/correspondence between a bearer and alogical channel. In an example, there may be one-to-manymapping/correspondence between one or more bearers and one or morelogical channels. In an example, a bearer may be mapped to a pluralityof logical channels. In an example, data from a packet data convergenceprotocol (PDCP) entity corresponding to a bearer may be duplicated andmapped to a plurality of radio link control (RLC) entities and/orlogical channels. In an example, scheduling of the plurality of logicalchannels may be performed by a single medium access control (MAC)entity. In an example, scheduling of the plurality of logical channelsmay be performed by two or more MAC entities. In an example, a logicalchannel may be scheduled by one of a plurality of MAC entities. In anexample, the one or more bearers may comprise one or more data radiobearers. In an example, the one or more bearers may comprise one or moresignaling radio bearers. In an example, the one or more bearers maycorrespond to one or more application and/or quality of service (QoS)requirements. In an example, one or more bearers may correspond toultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) applications and/orenhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) applications and/or massive machine tomachine communications (mMTC) applications.

In an example, a first logical channel of the plurality of logicalchannels may be mapped to one or more of a plurality of transmissiontime intervals (TTIs)/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, a logical channel may not be mapped to one or more of theplurality of TTI durations/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, a logical channel corresponding to a URLLC bearer may be mappedto one or more first TTI durations/transmission durations and a logicalcorresponding to an eMBB application may be mapped to one or more secondTTI durations/transmission durations, wherein the one or more first TTIdurations/transmission durations may have shorter duration than the oneor more second TTI durations/transmission durations. In an example, theplurality of TTI durations/transmission durations/numerologies may bepre-configured at the wireless device. In an example, the one or moremessages may comprise the configuration parameters of the plurality ofTTI durations/transmission duration/numerologies. In an example, a basestation may transmit a grant/DCI to a wireless device, wherein thegrant/DCI may comprise indication of a cell and/or a TTIduration/transmission duration/numerology that the wireless device maytransmit data. In an example, a first field in the grant/DCI mayindicate the cell and a second field in the grant/DCI may indicate theTTI duration/transmission duration/numerology. In an example, a field inthe grant/DCI may indicate both the cell and the TTIduration/transmission duration/numerology.

In an example, the one or more messages may comprise a logical channelgroup identifier for one or more of the plurality of the logicalchannels. In an example, one or more of the plurality of logicalchannels may be assigned a logical channel group identifier n, 0≤n≤N(e.g., N=3, or 5, or 7, or 11 or 15, etc.). In an example, the one ormore of the plurality of logical channels with the logical channel groupidentifier may be mapped to a same one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the one or more of the pluralityof logical channels with the logical channel group identifier may onlybe mapped to a same one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the one more of the plurality oflogical channels may correspond to a same application and/or QoSrequirements. In an example, one or more first logical channels may beassigned logical channel identifier(s) and logical channel groupidentifier(s) and one or more second logical channels may be assignedlogical channel identifier(s). In an example, a logical channel groupmay comprise of one logical channel

In an example, the one or more messages may comprise one or more firstfields indicating mapping between the plurality of logical channels andthe plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies and/or cells.In an example, the one or more first fields may comprise a first valueindicating a logical channel is mapped to one or more first TTIduration/transmission duration shorter than or equal to the first value.In an example, the one or more first fields may comprise a second valueindicating a logical channel is mapped to one or more second TTIdurations/transmission durations longer than or equal to the secondvalue. In an example, the one or more first fields may comprise and/orindicate one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies and/orcells that a logical channel is mapped to. In an example, the mappingmay be indicated using one or more bitmaps. In an example, a value ofone in a bitmap associated with a logical channel may indicate that thelogical channel is mapped to a corresponding TTI/transmissionduration/numerology and/or cell. In an example, if a value of zero inthe bitmap associated with a logical channel may indicate that thelogical channel is not mapped to a corresponding TTI/transmissionduration/numerology and/or cell. In an example, the one or more messagesmay comprise configuration parameters for the plurality of the logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters for a logicalchannel may comprise an associated bitmap for the logical channelwherein the bitmap may indicate the mapping between the logical channeland the plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologie and/orcells.

In an example, a first logical channel may be assigned at least a firstlogical channel priority. In an example, the first logical channel maybe assigned one or more logical channel priorities for one or moreTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, the firstlogical channel may be assigned a logical channel priority for each ofthe plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, a logical channel may be assigned a logical channel priorityfor each of one or more of the plurality of TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, a logical channel may be assigneda logical channel priority for each of one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies wherein the logical channel is mapped to the eachof the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, the one or more messages may comprise one or more second fieldsindicating priorities of a logical channel on one or moreTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, the one or moresecond fields may comprise one or more sequences indicating prioritiesof a logical channel on one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the one or more second fields maycomprise a plurality of sequences for the plurality of logical channels.A sequence corresponding to a logical channel may indicate thepriorities of the logical channel on the plurality of TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies/cells or one or more of the plurality ofTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies/cells. In an example, thepriorities may indicate mapping between a logical channel and one ormore TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, a priorityof a logical channel with a given value (e.g., zero or minus infinity ora negative value) for a TTI/transmission duration/numerology mayindicate that the logical channel is not mapped to the TTI/transmissionduration/numerology. In an example, FIG. 17 illustrates an example withthree TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies and three logicalchannels (LC1, LC2, LC3) wherein LC1 is mapped to TTI1/transmissionduration 1, TTI2/transmission duration 2, and TTI3/transmission duration3 and LC2 is mapped to TTI2/transmission duration 2 andTTI3/transmission duration 3 and LC3 is mapped to TTI3/transmissionduration 3. In an example, priorities of LC1 on TTI1/transmissionduration 1, TTI2/transmission duration 2, and TTI3/transmission duration3 may be indicated as (1, 2, 3), priorities of LC2 on TTI1/transmissionduration 1, TTI2/transmission duration 2, and TTI3//transmissionduration 3 may be indicated as (0, 1, 2), priorities of LC3 onTTI1//transmission duration 1, TTI2//transmission duration 2, andTTI3//transmission duration 3 may be indicated as (0, 0, 1). In anexample, sizes of the sequence may be variable. In an example, a size ofa sequence associated with a logical channel may be a number ofTTIs/transmission durations/numerologies to which the logical channel ismapped. In an example, the sizes of the sequence may be fixed, e.g., thenumber of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies/cells.

In an example, a TTI/transmission duration/numerology for a grant (e.g.,as indicated by the grant/DCI) may not accept data from one or morelogical channels. In an example, the one or more logical channels maynot be mapped to the TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated inthe grant. In an example, a logical channel of the one or more logicalchannels may be configured to be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies and the TTI/transmission duration/numerology forthe grant may not be among the one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, a logical channel of the one ormore logical channels may be configured with a max-TTI/transmissionduration parameter indicating that the logical channel may not be mappedto a TTI/transmission duration longer than max-TTI/transmissionduration, and the grant may be for a TTI/transmission duration longerthan max-TTI/transmission duration. In an example, a logical channel maybe configured with a min-TTI/transmission duration parameter indicatingthat the logical channel may not be mapped to a TTI/transmissionduration shorter than min-TTI/transmission duration, and the grant maybe for a TTI/transmission duration shorter than min-TTI/transmissionduration. In an example, a logical channel may not be allowed to betransmitted on a cell and/or one or more numerologies and/or one or morenumerologies of a cell. In an example, a logical channel may containduplicate data and the logical channel may be restricted so that thelogical channel is not mapped to a cell/numerology.

In an example, a MAC entity and/or a multiplexing and assembly entity ofa MAC entity may perform a logical channel prioritization (LCP)procedure to allocate resources of one or more grants, indicated to awireless device by a base station using one or more DCIs, to one or morelogical channel. In an example, the timing between a grant/DCI receptiontime at the wireless device and transmission time may be dynamicallyindicated to the wireless device (e.g., at least using a parameter inthe grant/DCI). In an example, timing between a grant/DCI reception timeat the wireless device and transmission time may be fixed/preconfiguredand/or semi-statically configured. In an example, the LCP procedure forNR may consider the mapping of a logical channel to one or morenumerologies/TTIs/transmission durations, priorities of a logicalchannel on the one or more numerologies/TTIs/transmission duration, thenumerology/TTI/transmission duration indicated in a grant, etc. The LCPprocedure may multiplex data from one or more logical channels to form aMAC PDU. The amount of data from a logical channel included in a MAC PDUmay depend on the QoS parameters of a bearer and/or service associatedwith the logical channel, priority of the logical channel on thenumerology/TTI/transmission duration indicated in the grant, etc. In anexample, one or more grants may be processed jointly at a wirelessdevice (e.g., resources of the one or more grants are allocatedsubstantially at a same time). In an example, one or more first grantsof the one or more grants may be grouped into a grouped grant withcapacity equal to sum of the capacities of the one or more first grantsand the resources of the grouped grant may be allocated to one or morelogical channels.

Example A

In the legacy scheduling procedures, uplink grants are forsubframes/TTIs having the same duration. Different carriers use the samesystem frame number (SFN) and subframe numbers, and uplink subframes aresubstantially synchronized. Uplink transmissions may employ differentNTA (timing offset between uplink and downlink) depending on TAGconfiguration. In NR, a plurality of grants may be received in differenttimes for different overlapping and non-overlapping TTIs. The grants maybe received on TTIs having different durations and the control channelmonitoring occasions on different cells that the grants are received maybe different. In addition, the timing between grants and uplinktransmission is flexible and may be indicated in the uplink grant.Processing grants interpedently may increase UE processing requirements.The legacy procedures for selecting grants for processing the selectedgrants together are inefficient for NR and lead to performancedegradation in terms of throughput and delay. Example embodimentenhances UE behavior for uplink multiplexing when UE receives aplurality of uplink grants. One or more selected grants in the pluralityof grants are processed together. Example embodiments provides processesand systems for selecting/determining a subset of uplink grants forprocessing together, data multiplexing and uplink transmission.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/numerologies on three cells. Agrant/DCI may indicate the resources and transmission parameters for thewireless device (e.g., modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g.time/slot/subframe, resource blocks, power control parameters, HARQparameters, etc.). In an example, the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/ornumerology and/or TTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission.Other transmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant maybe for a subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants/DCIs into a first grouped grant. Example Bembodiments describe criteria for determining/selecting the secondplurality of grants for grouping. The wireless device may performlogical channel prioritization procedure to multiplex data from one ormore logical channels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, theplurality of grants may be received by the UE at different times and mayprovide resources starting at or ending at different times. Theplurality of grants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g.,LAA, licensed, etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In anexample embodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the firstplurality of grants may be that the first plurality of grants provideresources starting at substantially a same time. In an example, thegrants may be for cells belonging to different timing advance groupsusing different NTA values. In an example, if the first plurality ofgrants provide resources starting at a same SFN and subframe number, theresources of the first plurality of grants start substantially at a sametime. For the example in FIG. 18, Grant 1 and Grant 4 or Grant 2, Grant3 and Grant 5 may be processed together/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies on three cells. A grant/DCI may indicate theresources and transmission parameters for the wireless device (e.g.,modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g. time/slot/subframe, resourceblocks, power control parameters, HARQ parameters, etc.). In an example,the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/or numerology and/orTTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission. Othertransmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant may be fora subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodimentsdescribe criteria for determining/selecting the second plurality ofgrants for grouping. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an exampleembodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the first pluralityof grants may be that the first plurality of grants provide resourcesending at substantially a same time. In an example, the grants may befor cells belonging to different timing advance groups using differentNTA values. In an example, if the first plurality of grants provideresources ending at a same SFN and subframe number, the resources of thefirst plurality of grants end substantially at a same time. For theexample in FIG. 18, Grant 2, Grant 3 and Grant 5 may be processedtogether/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies on three cells. A grant/DCI may indicate theresources and transmission parameters for the wireless device (e.g.,modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g. time/slot/subframe, resourceblocks, power control parameters, HARQ parameters, etc.). In an example,the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/or numerology and/orTTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission. Othertransmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant may be fora subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants/DCIs into a first grouped grant. Example Bembodiments describe criteria for determining/selecting the secondplurality of grants for grouping. The wireless device may performlogical channel prioritization procedure to multiplex data from one ormore logical channels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, theplurality of grants may be received by the UE at different times and mayprovide resources starting at or ending at different times. Theplurality of grants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g.,LAA, licensed, etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In anexample embodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the firstplurality of grants may be that the first plurality of grants provideresources that overlap in time. In an example, the grants may be forcells belonging to different timing advance groups using different NTAvalues. In an example, if the first plurality of grants provideresources starting at a same SFN and subframe number, the resources ofthe first plurality of grants start substantially at a same time. Forthe example in FIG. 18, Grant 1 and Grant 4 or Grant 2, Grant 3 andGrant 5 may be processed together/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies on three cells. A grant/DCI may indicate theresources and transmission parameters for the wireless device (e.g.,modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g. time/slot/subframe, resourceblocks, power control parameters, HARQ parameters, etc.). In an example,the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/or numerology and/orTTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission. Othertransmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant may be fora subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodimentsdescribe criteria for determining/selecting the second plurality ofgrants for grouping. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an exampleembodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the first pluralityof grants may be that the first plurality of grants provide resourcesfrom a same TTI duration/numerology type. For the example in FIG. 18,Grant 2, Grant 3, Grant 4 and Grant 5 may be processed together/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/numerologies on three cells. Agrant/DCI may indicate the resources and transmission parameters for thewireless device (e.g., modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g.time/slot/subframe, resource blocks, power control parameters, HARQparameters, etc.). In an example, the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/ornumerology and/or TTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission.Other transmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant maybe for a subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodimentsdescribe criteria for determining/selecting the second plurality ofgrants for grouping. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an exampleembodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the first pluralityof grants may be that the first plurality of grants provide resourcesfrom a same cell type. For the example in FIG. 18, if cell 1 and cell 2are LAA cells and cell 3 is a licensed cell, Grant 1, Grant 2, Grant 3and Grant 4 may be processed together/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/numerologies on three cells. Agrant/DCI may indicate the resources and transmission parameters for thewireless device (e.g., modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g.time/slot/subframe, resource blocks, power control parameters, HARQparameters, etc.). In an example, the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/ornumerology and/or TTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission.Other transmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant maybe for a subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant.The physical layer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU andmay calculate a transmission power using at least power control commandin the grant and map the transport block to the resources indicated bythe grant. The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In anexample, the wireless device may select/determine the first plurality ofgrants from the plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In anexample, the wireless device may group a second plurality of the firstplurality of grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodimentsdescribe criteria for determining/selecting the second plurality ofgrants for grouping. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an exampleembodiment, the one or more criteria for selecting the first pluralityof grants may be that the first plurality of grants provide resourcesfrom a same band. For the example in FIG. 18, cell 1 and cell 2 are fromband 1 and cell 3 is from band 2. Grant 1, Grant 2, Grant 3 and Grant 4may be processed together/jointly.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies on three cells. A grant/DCI may indicate theresources and transmission parameters for the wireless device (e.g.,modulation and coding scheme, timing e.g. time/slot/subframe, resourceblocks, power control parameters, HARQ parameters, etc.). In an example,the grant/DCI may indicate cell and/or numerology and/orTTI/transmission duration to be used for transmission. Othertransmission parameters may be indicated by a grant. A grant may be fora subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology) with a first durationstarting from the first duration starting time and ending at the firstduration ending time. In an example, the wireless device may process(e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality of grants of theplurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/or substantially at asame time). In an example, a grant of the first plurality of grantsprocessed together may have a grant size of e.g., N bytes for a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or more logical channels maybe mapped to the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. A logicalchannel prioritization procedure in multiplexing and assembly entity ofthe wireless device may allocate the N bytes capacity of the grant tothe one or more logical channels considering a plurality of parameters,such as buffer sizes of the one or more logical channels, priorities ofthe one or more logical channels on the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create a MAC PDU for transmission onthe indicated cell/numerology/TTI in the grant. The physical layer maycreate a transport block using the MAC PDU and may calculate atransmission power using at least power control command in the grant andmap the transport block to the resources indicated by the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block. In an example, thewireless device may select/determine the first plurality of grants fromthe plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In an example,the wireless device may group a second plurality of the first pluralityof grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodiments describecriteria for determining/selecting the second plurality of grants forgrouping. The wireless device may perform logical channel prioritizationprocedure to multiplex data from one or more logical channels for agrant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality of grants may bereceived by the UE at different times and may provide resources startingat or ending at different times. The plurality of grants may be receivedat one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/or bands(e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example embodiment, the one ormore criteria for selecting the first plurality of grants may be thatthe first plurality of grants are received at the wireless device atsubstantially a same time. In an example, the grants may be received oncells belonging to different timing advance groups using different NTAvalues. In an example, if the first plurality of grants are received atthe wireless device at a same SFN and subframe number, the resources ofthe first plurality of grants end substantially at a same time. For theexample in FIG. 18, Grant 1 and Grant 3 may be processedtogether/jointly.

In an example embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19, a wireless device mayreceive from a base station at least one message comprisingconfiguration parameters. The at least one message may comprise firstconfiguration parameters of a plurality of cells. In an example, one ormore first cells in the plurality of cells may be licensed cells. In anexample, one or more second cells in the plurality of cells may beunlicensed. In an example, one or more third cells in the plurality ofcells may operate in millimeter wave frequencies. In an example, thewireless device may receive second configuration parameters of aplurality of logical channels. The configuration parameters of theplurality of logical channels may comprise a plurality of parameters foreach logical channel. The plurality of parameters may comprise a maximumtransmission duration, one or more allowed serving cells, a priority, aprioritized bit rate (PBR), etc.

In an example, the wireless device may receive a plurality of uplinkgrants on the plurality of cells. The plurality of uplink grants may bereceived in different transmission time intervals. The plurality ofuplink grants may indicate radio resources in the plurality of cells.The plurality of uplink grants may indicate other transmissionparameters comprising modulation and coding scheme, power controlparameters, HARQ related parameters, etc. In an example, the wirelessdevice may select a first plurality of uplink grants in the plurality ofuplink grants in response to the first plurality of uplink grants beingreceived during one or more coinciding time durations that the wirelessdevice is configured to monitor a control channel on the plurality ofcells. In an example, the wireless device may multiplex data from one ormore logical channels in the plurality of logical channels into one ormore transport blocks by processing together the first plurality ofuplink grants in the plurality of uplink grants. For example, in FIG.19, uplink grant 1, uplink grant 2 and uplink grant 4 are receivedduring coinciding time durations configured for the wireless device tomonitor a control channel. The wireless device may select the uplinkgrant 1, uplink grant 2 and uplink grant 4. The wireless device mayprocess the uplink grant 1, uplink grant 2, and uplink grant 4 together.

In an example the one or more logical channels in the plurality oflogical channels may be mapped to transmission durations of the firstplurality of uplink grants. The second configuration parameters of theplurality of logical channels may indicate that the one or more logicalchannels of the plurality of logical channels are mapped to thetransmission durations of the first plurality of uplink grants. Thewireless device may transmit, via the one or more resource blocks, theone or more transport blocks corresponding to the first plurality ofuplink grants.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive a plurality ofgrants/DCIs from one or more base stations (e.g., eLTE eNB and/or NRgNB, etc.). An example is shown in FIG. 18 where a wireless devicereceives five grants for different TTIs/durations/numerologies on threecells. A grant/DCI may indicate the resources and transmissionparameters for the wireless device (e.g., modulation and coding scheme,timing e.g. time/slot/subframe, resource blocks, power controlparameters, HARQ parameters, etc.). In an example, the grant/DCI mayindicate cell and/or numerology and/or TTI/transmission duration to beused for transmission. Other transmission parameters may be indicated bya grant. A grant may be for a subframe/slot/mini-slot (TTI/numerology)with a first duration starting from the first duration starting time andending at the first duration ending time. In an example, the wirelessdevice may process (e.g., allocate resources from) a first plurality ofgrants of the plurality of grants together (e.g., jointly and/orsubstantially at a same time). In an example, a grant of the firstplurality of grants processed together may have a grant size of e.g., Nbytes for a first TTI/transmission duration/numerology. One or morelogical channels may be mapped to the first TTI/transmissionduration/numerology. A logical channel prioritization procedure inmultiplexing and assembly entity of the wireless device may allocate theN bytes capacity of the grant to the one or more logical channelsconsidering a plurality of parameters, such as buffer sizes of the oneor more logical channels, priorities of the one or more logical channelson the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology, PBR, etc. to create aMAC PDU for transmission on the indicatedcell/numerology/TTI/transmission duration in the grant. The physicallayer may create a transport block using the MAC PDU and may calculate atransmission power using at least power control command in the grant andmap the transport block to the resources indicated by the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block. In an example, thewireless device may select/determine the first plurality of grants fromthe plurality of grants based on one or more criteria. In an example,the wireless device may group a second plurality of the first pluralityof grants into a first grouped grant. Example B embodiments describecriteria for determining/selecting the second plurality of grants forgrouping. The wireless device may perform logical channel prioritizationprocedure to multiplex data from one or more logical channels for agrant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality of grants may bereceived by the UE at different times and may provide resources startingat or ending at different times. The plurality of grants may be receivedat one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/or bands(e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example embodiment, the one ormore criteria for selecting the first plurality of grants may be thatthe first plurality of grants may be received at the wireless device ina time window (e.g., n subframes, n=1, 2, 3, . . . ). In an example thetime window may be pre-configured. In an example, the time window may besemi-statically (e.g., using RRC) or dynamically (e.g., using physicallayer and/or MAC layer signaling such as using DCI, MAC CE, etc.)indicated to the wireless device.

Example B

A wireless device may select a group of uplink grants (DCIs) for uplinkmultiplexing process. Example embodiments enhance uplink multiplexingprocess by selecting a set of uplink grants according to a predefinedcriteria. Example embodiments may aggregate the grant size (capacity) ofthe set of uplink grants and construct a PDU for grants of the set ofuplink grants. Example embodiments may reduce the processingrequirements for uplink multiplexing in a UE.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the wireless device mayreceive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI in the plurality of DCIs may comprisean uplink resource grant. In an example, the DCI may indicateTTI/transmission duration/numerology and/or cell. The DCI may comprisetransmission parameters e.g., timing, transmission time/slot/subframe,resources, one or more power control commands, one or more HARQparameters, etc. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, theplurality of DCIs/grants may be processed together based on examplecriteria described in Example A embodiments. In an example, the wirelessdevice may group the plurality of DCIs/grants into one or more DCI/grantgroups according to one or more criteria. In an example, the one or morecriteria may comprise DCIs/grants in a first DCI/grant group comprise afirst indication of TTI/transmission duration/numerology. In an example,a logical channel prioritization procedure may be applied to aggregateof a group of grants with capacity equal to sum of capacities of thegrants in the group. In an example, the logical channel prioritizationprocedure may allocate data from logical channels that may be mapped tothe group of grants considering for example, the priorities of thelogical channels that may be mapped to the group of grants on theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated for the grants in thegroup of grants, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped to thegroup of grants on the TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicatedfor the grants in the group of grants, the sum of capacities of thegrants in the group of grants, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDUfor a grant in the group of grants. Physical layer may create atransport block for a MAC PDU and map the transport block to theresources indicated in a grant corresponding to a MAC PDU. The wirelessdevice may transmit the transport block. In an example, the DCIs/grantsin the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources starting atsubstantially a same time. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the firstDCI/grant group may allocate resources ending at substantially a sametime. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group mayallocate resources from a same cell type. In an example, the DCIs/grantsin the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources from a same band. Inan example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may be receivedat the wireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, theDCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may be received at the wirelessdevice during a configured time window. In an example, sum of capacitiesof grants from the first grouped grant may be allocated jointly to oneor more logical channels. Example grouping of grants is illustrated inFIG. 20.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the wireless device mayreceive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI in the plurality of DCIs may comprisean uplink resource grant. In an example, the DCI may indicateTTI/transmission duration/numerology and/or cell. The DCI may comprisetransmission parameters e.g., timing, transmission time/slot/subframe,resources, one or more power control commands, one or more HARQparameters, etc. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, theplurality of DCIs/grants may be processed together based on examplecriteria described in Example A embodiments. In an example, the wirelessdevice may group the plurality of DCIs/grants into one or more DCI/grantgroups according to one or more criteria. In an example, the one or morecriteria may comprise DCIs/grants in a first DCI/grant group indicate asame cell type (e.g., licensed, unlicensed, etc.). In an example, theone or more criteria may comprise DCIs/grants in a first DCI/grant groupindicate a same band (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, alogical channel prioritization procedure may be applied to aggregate ofa group of grants with capacity equal to sum of capacities of the grantsin the group. In an example, the logical channel prioritizationprocedure may allocate data from logical channels that may be mapped tothe group of grants considering for example, the priorities of thelogical channels that may be mapped to the group of grants on theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated for the grants in thegroup of grants, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped to thegroup of grants on the TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicatedfor the grants in the group of grants, the sum of capacities of thegrants in the group of grants, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDUfor a grant in the group of grants. Physical layer may create atransport block for a MAC PDU and map the transport block to theresources indicated in a grant corresponding to a MAC PDU. The wirelessdevice may transmit the transport block. In an example, the DCIs/grantsin the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources starting atsubstantially a same time. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the firstDCI/grant group may allocate resources ending at substantially a sametime. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group mayallocate resources from a same cell type. In an example, the DCIs/grantsin the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources from a same band. Inan example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may be receivedat the wireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, theDCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may be received at the wirelessdevice during a configured time window. In an example, sum of capacitiesof grants from the first grouped grant may be allocated jointly to oneor more logical channels.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the wireless device mayreceive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI in the plurality of DCIs may comprisean uplink resource grant. In an example, the DCI may indicateTTI/transmission duration/numerology and/or cell. The DCI may comprisetransmission parameters e.g., timing, transmission time/slot/subframe,resources, one or more power control commands, one or more HARQparameters, etc. The wireless device may perform logical channelprioritization procedure to multiplex data from one or more logicalchannels for a grant or grouped grant. In an example, the plurality ofgrants may be received by the UE at different times and may provideresources starting at or ending at different times. The plurality ofgrants may be received at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed,etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, theplurality of DCIs/grants may be processed together based on examplecriteria described in Example A embodiments. In an example, the wirelessdevice may group the plurality of DCIs/grants into one or more DCI/grantgroups according to one or more criteria. In an example, the one or morecriteria may comprise logical channels mappings to the DCIs/grants in afirst DCI/grant group are the same, e.g., the same one or more logicalchannels are mapped to the TTIs/transmission durations/numerologiesindicated in the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group and/or thesame one or more logical channels have a same logical channelpriorities. In an example, a logical channel prioritization proceduremay be applied to aggregate of a group of grants with capacity equal tosum of capacities of the grants in the group. In an example, the logicalchannel prioritization procedure may allocate data from logical channelsthat may be mapped to the group of grants considering for example, thepriorities of the logical channels that may be mapped to the group ofgrants on the TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated for thegrants in the group of grants, PBRs of the logical channels that may bemapped to the group of grants on the TTI/transmissionduration/numerology indicated for the grants in the group of grants, thesum of capacities of the grants in the group of grants, etc. The MACentity may create a MAC PDU for a grant in the group of grants. Physicallayer may create a transport block for a MAC PDU and map the transportblock to the resources indicated in a grant corresponding to a MAC PDU.The wireless device may transmit the transport block. In an example, theDCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources startingat substantially a same time. In an example, the DCIs/grants in thefirst DCI/grant group may allocate resources ending at substantially asame time. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant groupmay allocate resources from a same cell type. In an example, theDCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may allocate resources from asame band. In an example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant groupmay be received at the wireless device at substantially a same time. Inan example, the DCIs/grants in the first DCI/grant group may be receivedat the wireless device during a configured time window. In an example,sum of capacities of grants from the first grouped grant may beallocated jointly to one or more logical channels.

Example C

Example embodiments improves uplink multiplexing efficiency byprocessing uplink grants in an order based on pre-defined criteria.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the configurationparameters may indicate one or more priorities of a logical channel onone or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, theconfiguration parameters may indicate a priority of a logical channel oneach of a plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, the wireless device may receive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI inthe plurality of DCIs may comprise an uplink resource grant. In anexample, the DCI may indicate TTI/transmission duration/numerologyand/or cell. The DCI may comprise transmission parameters e.g., timing,transmission time/slot/subframe, resources, one or more power controlcommands, one or more HARQ parameters, etc. The wireless device mayperform logical channel prioritization procedure to multiplex data fromone or more logical channels for a grant or grouped grant. Example Aembodiments describe example criteria for processing a plurality ofgrants/grouped grants together. Example B embodiments describe examplecriteria for grouping grants. In an example, the plurality of grants maybe received by the UE at different times and may provide resourcesstarting at or ending at different times. The plurality of grants may bereceived at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/orbands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, a first pluralityof grants and/or grouped grants may be processed jointly (e.g.,processed substantially at a same time). In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resourcesstarting at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources endingat substantially a same time. In an example, the first plurality ofgrants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources from a same celltype. In an example, the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grantsmay allocate resources from a same band. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device during a configured time window. In an example, thewireless device may sort the first plurality of grants and/or groupgrants according to number of logical channels that may be mapped to aTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in each of the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants. In an example, the wirelessdevice may start allocating resources to the sorted first plurality ofgrants and/or grouped grants sequentially (e.g., starting from agrant/grouped grant in the first plurality of grants and/or groupedgrants wherein smallest number of logical channels may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in the grant/groupedgrant). In an example, smallest number of logical channels may be mappedto a TTI/transmission duration/numerology with longest TTI/transmissionduration. In an example, sorting the first plurality of grants accordingto the number of logical channels that may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in the grant may beequivalent to sorting the first plurality of grants according to theTTI/transmission duration of TTI/transmission duration/numerologyindicated in the first plurality of grants. Example sorting of grants isillustrated in FIG. 21. In an example, a logical channel prioritizationprocedure may be applied to a grant or a grouped grant. In an example,the logical channel prioritization procedure may allocate data fromlogical channels that may be mapped to the grant/grouped grantconsidering for example, the priorities of the logical channels that maybe mapped to the TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in thegrant/grouped grant, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped tothe TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated grant/grouped grant,size of grant/grouped grant, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDUfor a grant. Physical layer may create a transport block for a MAC PDUand map the transport block to the resources indicated in the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the configurationparameters may indicate one or more priorities of a logical channel onone or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, theconfiguration parameters may indicate a priority of a logical channel oneach of a plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, the wireless device may receive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI inthe plurality of DCIs may comprise an uplink resource grant. In anexample, the DCI may indicate TTI/transmission duration/numerologyand/or cell. The DCI may comprise transmission parameters e.g., timing,transmission time/slot/subframe, resources, one or more power controlcommands, one or more HARQ parameters, etc. The wireless device mayperform logical channel prioritization procedure to multiplex data fromone or more logical channels for a grant or grouped grant. Example Aembodiments describe example criteria for processing a plurality ofgrants/grouped grants together. Example B embodiments describe examplecriteria for grouping grants. In an example, the plurality of grants maybe received by the UE at different times and may provide resourcesstarting at or ending at different times. The plurality of grants may bereceived at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/orbands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, a first pluralityof grants and/or grouped grants may be processed jointly (e.g.,processed substantially at a same time). In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resourcesstarting at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources endingat substantially a same time. In an example, the first plurality ofgrants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources from a same celltype. In an example, the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grantsmay allocate resources from a same band. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device during a configured time window. In an example, thewireless device may sort the first plurality of grants and/or groupedgrants according to duration of a TTI/transmission duration indicated ineach of the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants. In anexample, the wireless device may start allocating resources to thesorted first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants sequentially. Inan example, the wireless device may start from a grant/grouped grant inthe first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants wherein theTTI/transmission duration indicated in the grant/grouped grant has alongest duration. In an example, the wireless device may start from agrant/grouped grant in the first plurality of grants and/or groupedgrants wherein the TTI/transmission duration indicated in thegrant/grouped grant has a longest duration. Example sorting of grants isillustrated in FIG. 22. In an example, a logical channel prioritizationprocedure may be applied to a grant or a grouped grant. In an example,the logical channel prioritization procedure may allocate data fromlogical channels that may be mapped to the grant/grouped grantconsidering for example, the priorities of the logical channels that maybe mapped to the TTI/transmission duration indicated in thegrant/grouped grant, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped tothe TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated grant/grouped grant,size of grant/grouped grant, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDUfor a grant. Physical layer may create a transport block for a MAC PDUand map the transport block to the resources indicated in the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block.

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the configurationparameters may indicate one or more priorities of a logical channel onone or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, theconfiguration parameters may indicate a priority of a logical channel oneach of a plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample, the wireless device may receive a plurality of DCIs. A DCI inthe plurality of DCIs may comprise an uplink resource grant. In anexample, the DCI may indicate TTI/transmission duration/numerologyand/or cell. The DCI may comprise transmission parameters e.g., timing,transmission time/slot/subframe, resources, one or more power controlcommands, one or more HARQ parameters, etc. The wireless device mayperform logical channel prioritization procedure to multiplex data fromone or more logical channels for a grant or grouped grant. Example Aembodiments describe example criteria for processing a plurality ofgrants/grouped grants together. Example B embodiments describe examplecriteria for grouping grants. In an example, the plurality of grants maybe received by the UE at different times and may provide resourcesstarting at or ending at different times. The plurality of grants may bereceived at one or more cell types (e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/orbands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.). In an example, a first pluralityof grants and/or grouped grants may be processed jointly (e.g.,processed substantially at a same time). In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resourcesstarting at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources endingat substantially a same time. In an example, the first plurality ofgrants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources from a same celltype. In an example, the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grantsmay allocate resources from a same band. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device during a configured time window. In an example, thewireless device may sort the first plurality of grants and/or groupedgrants considering priorities of one or more logical channels mapped toTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in each of the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants. In an example, the wirelessdevice may sort the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grantsaccording to priority of highest priority of one or more logicalchannels mapped to TTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated ineach of the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants. In anexample, the wireless device may start allocating resources to thesorted first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants sequentially. Inan example, if one or more logical channels mapped to a grant of thefirst plurality of grants comprises a logical channel that has highestpriority among the plurality of logical channels mapped to the firstplurality of grants, the grant is processed first. In an example, if alogical channel with highest priority is mapped to only a firstTTI/transmission duration/numerology, the wireless device may processthe grant(s) for the first TTI/transmission duration/numerology first.In an example, a logical channel prioritization procedure may be appliedto a grant or a grouped grant. In an example, the logical channelprioritization procedure may allocate data from logical channels thatmay be mapped to the grant/grouped grant considering for example, thepriorities of the logical channels that may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in the grant/groupedgrant, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated grant/grouped grant, sizeof grant/grouped grant, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDU for agrant. Physical layer may create a transport block for a MAC PDU and mapthe transport block to the resources indicated in the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block.

Example D

In an example embodiment, a wireless device may receive one or moremessages comprising configuration parameters of a plurality of logicalchannels. In an example, the configuration parameters may indicate thata logical channel may be mapped to one or more TTIs/transmissiondurations/numerologies. In an example, the configuration parameters mayindicate the one or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies that alogical channel may be mapped to. In an example, the configurationparameters may indicate one or more priorities of a logical channel onone or more TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In an example, theconfiguration parameters may indicate a priority of a logical channel oneach of a plurality of TTIs/transmission durations/numerologies. In anexample the configuration parameters may comprise a first parameterindicating a minimum bit rate for a logical channel. In an example, thevalue of the first parameter may depend at least in part on one or moreQoS parameters of a bearer corresponding to the logical channel. In anexample, the first parameter may indicate a prioritized bit rate (PBR)for a logical channel. In an example, the wireless device may receive aplurality of DCIs. A DCI in the plurality of DCIs may comprise an uplinkresource grant. In an example, the DCI may indicate TTI/transmissionduration/numerology and/or cell. The DCI may comprise transmissionparameters e.g., timing, transmission time/slot/subframe, resources, oneor more power control commands, one or more HARQ parameters, etc. Thewireless device may perform logical channel prioritization procedure tomultiplex data from one or more logical channels for a grant or groupedgrant together. Example A embodiments describe example criteria forprocessing a plurality of grants/grouped grants together. Example Bembodiments describe example criteria for grouping grants. In anexample, the plurality of grants may be received by the UE at differenttimes and may provide resources starting at or ending at differenttimes. The plurality of grants may be received at one or more cell types(e.g., LAA, licensed, etc.) and/or bands (e.g., sub-GHz, mm-wave, etc.).In an example, a first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants may beprocessed jointly (e.g., processed substantially at a same time). In anexample, the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants mayallocate resources starting at substantially a same time. In an example,the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocateresources ending at substantially a same time. In an example, the firstplurality of grants and/or grouped grants may allocate resources from asame cell type. In an example, the first plurality of grants and/orgrouped grants may allocate resources from a same band. In an example,the first plurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received atthe wireless device at substantially a same time. In an example, thefirst plurality of grants and/or grouped grants may be received at thewireless device during a configured time window. In an exampleembodiment, if PBR of a first logical channel is partially allocated ina first grant for a first TTI/transmission duration/numerology, whenallocating resources to a second grant for a second TTI/numerology, thebalance of PBR of the first logical channel may be allocated if thefirst logical channel is mapped to the second TTI/transmissionduration/numerology. Example PBR allocation is illustrated in FIG. 23.In an example, a logical channel prioritization procedure may be appliedto a grant or a grouped grant. In an example, the logical channelprioritization procedure may allocate data from logical channels thatmay be mapped to the grant/grouped grant considering for example, thepriorities of the logical channels that may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated in the grant/groupedgrant, PBRs of the logical channels that may be mapped to theTTI/transmission duration/numerology indicated grant/grouped grant, sizeof grant/grouped grant, etc. The MAC entity may create a MAC PDU for agrant. Physical layer may create a transport block for a MAC PDU and mapthe transport block to the resources indicated in the grant. Thewireless device may transmit the transport block.

According to various embodiments, a device such as, for example, awireless device, off-network wireless device, a base station, and/or thelike, may comprise one or more processors and memory. The memory maystore instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors,cause the device to perform a series of actions. Embodiments of exampleactions are illustrated in the accompanying figures and specification.Features from various embodiments may be combined to create yet furtherembodiments.

FIG. 24 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 2410, a wireless device may receive at leastone message from a base station. The at least one message may comprise:first configuration parameters of a plurality of cells; and secondconfiguration parameters of a plurality of logical channels. At 2420, aplurality of uplink grants may be received. The plurality of uplinkgrants may indicate radio resources on the plurality of cells. Theplurality of uplink grants may be received in different transmissiontime intervals; and the radio resources may comprise one or moreresource blocks. At 2430, a first plurality of uplink grants of theplurality of uplink grants may be selected in response to the firstplurality of uplink grants being received during one or more coincidingtime durations that the wireless device is configured to monitor acontrol channel on the plurality of cells. At 2440, data from one ormore logical channels in the plurality of logical channels may bemultiplexed into one or more transport blocks by processing together thefirst plurality of uplink grants of the plurality of uplink grants. At2450, the one or more of transport blocks corresponding to the firstplurality of uplink grants may be transmitted via the one or moreresource blocks.

According to an embodiment, an uplink grant, in the plurality of uplinkgrants, may comprise a field indicating a transmission time for uplinktransmission. According to an embodiment, the processing together thefirst plurality of uplink grants may comprise performing a logicalchannel prioritization procedure based on a sum of capacities of asecond plurality of uplink grants in the first plurality of uplinkgrants. According to an embodiment, the second configuration parametersmay indicate one or more priorities of the one or more logical channels.According to an embodiment, the multiplexing data from the one or morelogical channels may comprise performing a logical channelprioritization procedure based on the one or more priorities. Accordingto an embodiment, the second configuration parameters may indicate thateach of the one or more logical channels are mapped to one or morecorresponding transmission durations. According to an embodiment, themultiplexing the data from the one or more logical channels may be basedon the one or more corresponding transmission durations. According to anembodiment, the second configuration parameters may indicate aprioritized bit rate corresponding to a logical channel in the one ormore logical channels. According to an embodiment, the first pluralityof uplink grants may comprise a plurality of transmission parameters forthe one or more transport blocks. According to an embodiment, a thirdplurality of uplink grants in the first plurality of uplink grants mayindicate resources with one or more same transmission durations.

FIG. 25 is an example flow diagram as per an aspect of an embodiment ofthe present disclosure. At 2510, a wireless device may receiveconfiguration parameters of a plurality of cells. At 2520, a pluralityof uplink grants indicating radio resources on the plurality of cellsmay be received. The uplink grants may be received in differenttransmission time intervals. At 2530, a first plurality of uplink grantsof the plurality of uplink grants may be processed together. The firstplurality of uplink grants may be selected in response to the firstplurality of uplink grants being received during one or more coincidingtime durations that the wireless device is configured to monitor acontrol channel on the plurality of cells. At 2540, the wireless devicemay transmit a plurality of transport blocks corresponding to theplurality of uplink grants.

Embodiments may be configured to operate as needed. The disclosedmechanism may be performed when certain criteria are met, for example,in a wireless device, a base station, a radio environment, a network, acombination of the above, and/or the like. Example criteria may bebased, at least in part, on for example, wireless device or network nodeconfigurations, traffic load, initial system set up, packet sizes,traffic characteristics, a combination of the above, and/or the like.When the one or more criteria are met, various example embodiments maybe applied. Therefore, it may be possible to implement exampleembodiments that selectively implement disclosed protocols.

A base station may communicate with a mix of wireless devices. Wirelessdevices and/or base stations may support multiple technologies, and/ormultiple releases of the same technology. Wireless devices may have somespecific capability(ies) depending on wireless device category and/orcapability(ies). A base station may comprise multiple sectors. When thisdisclosure refers to a base station communicating with a plurality ofwireless devices, this disclosure may refer to a subset of the totalwireless devices in a coverage area. This disclosure may refer to, forexample, a plurality of wireless devices of a given LTE or 5G releasewith a given capability and in a given sector of the base station. Theplurality of wireless devices in this disclosure may refer to a selectedplurality of wireless devices, and/or a subset of total wireless devicesin a coverage area which perform according to disclosed methods, and/orthe like. There may be a plurality of base stations or a plurality ofwireless devices in a coverage area that may not comply with thedisclosed methods, for example, because those wireless devices or basestations perform based on older releases of LTE or 5G technology.

In this disclosure, “a” and “an” and similar phrases are to beinterpreted as “at least one” and “one or more.” Similarly, any termthat ends with the suffix “(s)” is to be interpreted as “at least one”and “one or more.” In this disclosure, the term “may” is to beinterpreted as “may, for example.” In other words, the term “may” isindicative that the phrase following the term “may” is an example of oneof a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or may not, beemployed to one or more of the various embodiments.

If A and B are sets and every element of A is also an element of B, A iscalled a subset of B. In this specification, only non-empty sets andsubsets are considered. For example, possible subsets of B={cell1,cell2} are: {cell1}, {cell2}, and {cell1, cell2}. The phrase “based on”(or equally “based at least on”) is indicative that the phrase followingthe term “based on” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “in response to” (or equally “inresponse at least to”) is indicative that the phrase following thephrase “in response to” is an example of one of a multitude of suitablepossibilities that may, or may not, be employed to one or more of thevarious embodiments. The phrase “depending on” (or equally “depending atleast to”) is indicative that the phrase following the phrase “dependingon” is an example of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities thatmay, or may not, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.The phrase “employing/using” (or equally “employing/using at least”) isindicative that the phrase following the phrase “employing/using” is anexample of one of a multitude of suitable possibilities that may, or maynot, be employed to one or more of the various embodiments.

The term configured may relate to the capacity of a device whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state. Configured mayalso refer to specific settings in a device that effect the operationalcharacteristics of the device whether the device is in an operational ornon-operational state. In other words, the hardware, software, firmware,registers, memory values, and/or the like may be “configured” within adevice, whether the device is in an operational or nonoperational state,to provide the device with specific characteristics. Terms such as “acontrol message to cause in a device” may mean that a control messagehas parameters that may be used to configure specific characteristics ormay be used to implement certain actions in the device, whether thedevice is in an operational or non-operational state

In this disclosure, various embodiments are disclosed. Limitations,features, and/or elements from the disclosed example embodiments may becombined to create further embodiments within the scope of thedisclosure.

In this disclosure, parameters (or equally called, fields, orInformation elements: IEs) may comprise one or more information objects,and an information object may comprise one or more other objects. Forexample, if parameter (IE) N comprises parameter (IE) M, and parameter(IE) M comprises parameter (IE) K, and parameter (IE) K comprisesparameter (information element) J. Then, for example, N comprises K, andN comprises J. In an example embodiment, when one or more messagescomprise a plurality of parameters, it implies that a parameter in theplurality of parameters is in at least one of the one or more messages,but does not have to be in each of the one or more messages.

Furthermore, many features presented above are described as beingoptional through the use of “may” or the use of parentheses. For thesake of brevity and legibility, the present disclosure does notexplicitly recite each and every permutation that may be obtained bychoosing from the set of optional features. However, the presentdisclosure is to be interpreted as explicitly disclosing all suchpermutations. For example, a system described as having three optionalfeatures may be embodied in seven different ways, namely with just oneof the three possible features, with any two of the three possiblefeatures or with all three of the three possible features.

Many of the elements described in the disclosed embodiments may beimplemented as modules. A module is defined here as an element thatperforms a defined function and has a defined interface to otherelements. The modules described in this disclosure may be implemented inhardware, software in combination with hardware, firmware, wetware (i.e.hardware with a biological element) or a combination thereof, all ofwhich may be behaviorally equivalent. For example, modules may beimplemented as a software routine written in a computer languageconfigured to be executed by a hardware machine (such as C, C++,Fortran, Java, Basic, Matlab or the like) or a modeling/simulationprogram such as Simulink, Stateflow, GNU Octave, or LabVIEWMathScript.Additionally, it may be possible to implement modules using physicalhardware that incorporates discrete or programmable analog, digitaland/or quantum hardware. Examples of programmable hardware comprise:computers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, application-specificintegrated circuits (ASICs); field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs); andcomplex programmable logic devices (CPLDs). Computers, microcontrollersand microprocessors are programmed using languages such as assembly, C,C++ or the like. FPGAs, ASICs and CPLDs are often programmed usinghardware description languages (HDL) such as VHSIC hardware descriptionlanguage (VHDL) or Verilog that configure connections between internalhardware modules with lesser functionality on a programmable device. Theabove mentioned technologies are often used in combination to achievethe result of a functional module.

The disclosure of this patent document incorporates material which issubject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection tothe facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or thepatent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Officepatent file or records, for the limited purposes required by law, butotherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example, and notlimitation. It will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevantart(s) that various changes in form and detail can be made thereinwithout departing from the scope. In fact, after reading the abovedescription, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s)how to implement alternative embodiments. Thus, the present embodimentsshould not be limited by any of the above described exemplaryembodiments.

In addition, it should be understood that any figures which highlightthe functionality and advantages, are presented for example purposesonly. The disclosed architecture is sufficiently flexible andconfigurable, such that it may be utilized in ways other than thatshown. For example, the actions listed in any flowchart may bere-ordered or only optionally used in some embodiments.

Further, the purpose of the Abstract of the Disclosure is to enable theU.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally, andespecially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the art whoare not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determinequickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of thetechnical disclosure of the application. The Abstract of the Disclosureis not intended to be limiting as to the scope in any way.

Finally, it is the applicant's intent that only claims that include theexpress language “means for” or “step for” be interpreted under 35U.S.C. 112. Claims that do not expressly include the phrase “means for”or “step for” are not to be interpreted under 35 U.S.C. 112.

1. A method comprising: receiving, by a wireless device, uplink grantsindicating resources of cells; processing as a group, according to anorder, first uplink grants of the uplink grants, wherein the group isbased on the first uplink grants being received during one or morecoinciding time durations that the wireless device is configured tomonitor at least one control channel for the cells, wherein theprocessing comprises multiplexing data of one or more logical channelsinto transport blocks based on the first uplink grants; andtransmitting, based on the first uplink grants, the transport blocks. 2.The method of claim 1, wherein an uplink grant, in the uplink grants,comprises a field indicating a transmission time of an uplinktransmission.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the multiplexing isbased on a sum of capacities of second uplink grants in the first uplinkgrants.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising receivingconfiguration parameters indicating one or more priorities of the one ormore logical channels.
 5. The method of claim 4, wherein themultiplexing is based on the one or more priorities.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising receiving configuration parametersindicating that the one or more logical channels are mapped to one ormore transmission durations.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein themultiplexing the data of the one or more logical channels is based onthe one or more transmission durations.
 8. The method of claim 7,wherein each of the one or more logical channels is mapped to at leastone first transmission duration.
 9. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising receiving configuration parameters indicating a prioritizedbit rate corresponding to a logical channel in the one or more logicalchannels, wherein the multiplexing is based on the prioritized bit rate.10. The method of claim 1, wherein a second uplink grant, of the firstuplink grants, and a third uplink grant, of the first uplink grants,indicate uplink transmissions at different times.
 11. A wireless devicecomprising: one or more processors; memory storing instructions that,when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless deviceto: receive uplink grants indicating resources of cells; process as agroup, according to an order, first uplink grants of the uplink grants,wherein the group is based on the first uplink grants being receivedduring one or more coinciding time durations that the wireless device isconfigured to monitor at least one control channel for the cells,wherein the processing comprises multiplexing data of one or morelogical channels into transport blocks based on the first uplink grants;and transmit, based on the first uplink grants, the transport blocks.12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein an uplink grant, in theuplink grants, comprises a field indicating a transmission time of anuplink transmission.
 13. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein themultiplexing is based on a sum of capacities of second uplink grants inthe first uplink grants.
 14. The wireless device of claim 13, whereinthe instructions further cause the wireless device to receiveconfiguration parameters indicating one or more priorities of the one ormore logical channels.
 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein themultiplexing is based on the one or more priorities.
 16. The wirelessdevice of claim 11, wherein the instructions further cause the wirelessdevice to receive configuration parameters indicating that the one ormore logical channels are mapped to one or more transmission durations.17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the multiplexing the dataof the one or more logical channels is based on the one or moretransmission durations.
 18. The wireless device of claim 17, whereineach of the one or more logical channels is mapped to at least one firsttransmission duration.
 19. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein theinstructions further cause the wireless device to receive configurationparameters indicating a prioritized bit rate corresponding to a logicalchannel in the one or more logical channels, wherein the multiplexing isbased on the prioritized bit rate.
 20. The wireless device of claim 11,wherein a second uplink grant, of the first uplink grants, and a thirduplink grant, of the first uplink grants, indicate uplink transmissionsat different times.